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Abstract/Syllabus:
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Interpersonal, Organizational and Global Dimensions
Fall 2005
Syllabus
"The fundamental concept in social science is power, in the same sense in which energy is the fundamental concept in physics."
Russell, Bertrand. Power: A New Social Analysis.
"Power relations are both intentional and nonsubjective. ... [T]hey are imbued, through and through with calculation: there is no power that is exercised without a series of aims and objectives. But this does not mean that it results from the choice or decision of an individual subject."
Foucault, Michel. The History of Sexuality. Vol 1.
Description
Power is one of the most significant phenomena in society as well as personal life; even though we often like to act as if everyone is equally free to do just as he or she pleases, we do not all enjoy equal power to determine what happens. The study of power extends far beyond formal politics or the use of overt force into the operation of every institution and every life: how we are influenced by the people around us, who makes controlling decisions in the family, how people get ahead at work, whether democratic governments, in fact, reflect the 'will' of the people.
This course is divided into three parts. The first portion involves a preliminary specification and analysis of the concept of power. We will begin with an effort to differentiate power from influence, from conformity and from socialization, after which we will explore the various forms of social power, relying predominantly on descriptive empirical and historical studies of the ways that power has been enacted in social relationships.
The second portion of the course uses historically significant writers to develop a set of general questions about the sources and distribution of power in society. This part concludes by locating the sources and dimensions of institutionalized power in the modern world. By the end of this second section, we will revise our preliminary conceptualization of power to produce a more complex cultural and structural understanding of power.
The last section of the course returns to empirical studies and examines the organization and distribution of power in professions, organizations, communities, nations and the globe. We will conclude with an analysis of the possibilities of resistance challenging institutionalized power and creating situations of shared power.
Course Requirements and Expectations
- Reading, Film Viewing, Games, and Class Participation: The most basic requirement for this course is that you come to class prepared to participate. Most often, I will lecture, but there will be times when the learning in class will depend on your participation. Generally, you will find the lectures more informative and interesting, and your participation in class discussion more productive for you and your classmates, if you have read the materials before hand.
Several films are essential to the course and class discussions. The films will be screened on Fridays for class discussion the following week. Thus, students need to be prepared to attend 2 mandatory film viewings on Fridays (Lec #4 and Lec #6) at 11:00 am.
Games: Students are required to participate in a game that simulates power in organization and other settings. Date and time to be announced in class. (10% of grade)
- Short Paper (6-8 pages): An analysis of power in everyday interactions. Paper due on Lec #11. (30% of grade)
All papers will be graded on the basis of mechanics (spelling and grammar), good argumentative writing skills (clarity, conciseness, evidence), and incorporation of the scholarly literature as grounds for interpretation and critique of the film. We will go over in class what counts as good argumentative writing; in addition, you should consult Cuba, Writing about Social Science for general instructions on writing social science papers, and Strunk and White, Elements of Style, for the mechanics of good writing.
- Mid-term Examination: To be scheduled between Lec #18 and Lec #22. (30% of grade)
- Final Paper: Final paper due on Lec #27. (30% of grade)
- Extra Credit Assignment
Grading
ACTIVITIES |
PERCENTAGES |
Reading, Film Viewing, Games, and Class Participation |
10% |
Short Paper |
30% |
Mid-term Examination |
30% |
Final Paper |
30% |
Calendar
Lec # |
TOPICS |
KEY DATES |
1 |
Introduction, Opening Discussion
- How is power defined? Is it possible to use a single definition of power to describe a variety of social situations?
- How do people get and use power?
- How much power is lodged within personality and how much is part of the structure of the situation?
- How does the use of power sometimes mystify the targets so that they do not recognize that power is being exerted?
- Can power be equalized, or must some people always have more?
- What is resistance? How might we identify resistance in situations of institutionalized power? |
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I. Defining the Concept of Power: A Preliminary Analysis |
2-3 |
What is Power? Action and Intention |
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4-6 |
What Power is Not: Influence and Conformity |
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7-10 |
Force: The Limiting Case |
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11-12 |
Leadership and Charisma: Personal and Inspirational Power |
First paper due on Lec #11 |
13-14 |
Authority (1): The Ability to Command |
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II. The Sources, Structure and Institutionalization of Power |
15-16 |
Some Classical Views |
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17-18 |
Modern Debates |
Midterm exam |
19-20 |
Authority (2): Power Redefined, Institutionalized, and Disciplined |
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III. Institutionalized Power: Examples and Transformations |
21-22 |
Bureaucratic Organizations and Entrepreneurial Corporations |
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23-24 |
Modernity, Post-modern Colonialism, and The Global Community |
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25-26 |
The Possibilities of Resistance |
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27 |
Powersharing
Can Power be Distributed Equally? |
Final paper due |
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Further Reading:
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Readings
Readings and films are also listed by session.
Books Available for Purchase
Lukes, Steven. Power: A Radical View. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. ISBN: 9780333420928.
Goffman, Erving. Asylums. Garden City, NY: Anchor Books, 1961. ISBN: 9780385000161.
Appignanesi, Michael. Marx for Beginners. New York, NY: Pantheon Books, 1979. ISBN: 9780394737164.
Marx, Karl, and Frederick Engels. The Communist Manifesto. New York, NY: Penguin, 2002. ISBN: 9780140447576.
Giddens, Anthony. The Consequences of Modernity. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1990. ISBN: 9780804717625.
Wrong, Dennis. Power: Its Forms, Bases and Uses. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1996. ISBN: 9781560008224.
Recommended Books on Writing
Cuba, Lee. Writing About Social Science. New York, NY: Longman Press, 2001.
Strunk, William, and E. B. White. Elements of Style. New York, NY: Penguin Press, 2005.
Readings and Films by Session
Course readings.
Lec # |
TOPICS |
Readings/Films |
1 |
Introduction, Opening Discussion
- How is power defined? Is it possible to use a single definition of power to describe a variety of social situations?
- How do people get and use power?
- How much power is lodged within personality and how much is part of the structure of the situation?
- How does the use of power sometimes mystify the targets so that they do not recognize that power is being exerted?
- Can power be equalized, or must some people always have more?
- What is resistance? How might we identify resistance in situations of institutionalized power? |
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I. Defining the Concept of Power: A Preliminary Analysis |
2-3 |
What is Power? Action and Intention |
Gouldner, Alvin. "Basic Assumptions." The Coming Crisis of Western Sociology. New York, NY: Basic Books, 1970, pp. 52-54. ISBN: 9780465012787.
Simmel, Georg. "On Superordination and Subordination." The Sociology of Georg Simmel. Edited and translated by Kurt H. Wolff. New York, NY: Free Press, pp. 181-189. ISBN: 9780029289204.
Wrong, Dennis. Power: Its Forms, Bases and Uses. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1996, pp. 1-20. ISBN: 9781560008224. |
4-6 |
What Power is Not: Influence and Conformity |
Film: "Obedience and Conformity."
Asch, Solomon. "Effects of Group Pressure upon the Modification and Distortion of Judgements." In Doing Unto Others. Edited by Zick Rubin. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1975. ISBN: 9780132175968.
Stanley, Milgram. "Behavioral study of obedience." J Abnormal Soc Psychol 67 (1963): 371-8.
Janis, Irving. "Groupthink Among Policy Makers." In Sanctions for Evil. Edited by Nevitt Sanford, Craig Comstock and associates. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 1971. ISBN: 9780875890777.
Zimbardo, Philip, Craig Haney, W. Curtis Banks, and David Jaffe. "The Psychology of Imprisonment." In Theory and Research in Abnormal Psychology. Edited by D. Rosenhan, and P. London. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1969, pp. 271-287. ISBN: 9780030745607. |
7-10 |
Force: The Limiting Case |
Goffman, Erving. Asylums. Garden City, NY: Anchor books, 1961. ISBN: 9780385000161.
Wrong, Dennis. Power: Its Forms, Bases and Uses. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1996, pp. 21-34. ISBN: 9781560008224. |
11-12 |
Leadership and Charisma: Personal and Inspirational Power |
Film: Riefenstahl, Leni. The Triumph of the Will, 1935.
Rustow, Dankwart A. "The Study of Leadership." In Philosophers and Kings: Studies in Leadership. Edited by Dankwart A. Rustow. New York, NY: George Braziller, 1970, pp. 1-32. ISBN: 9780807605394.
Tucker, Robert C. "The Theory of Charismatic Leadership." In Philosophers and Kings: Studies in Leadership. Edited by Dankwart A. Rustow. New York, NY: George Braziller, 1970, pp. 1-32. ISBN: 9780807605394.
Weber, Max. "Charisma." In On Charisma and Institution Building. Edited by S. N. Eisenstadt. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1968. |
13-14 |
Authority (1): The Ability to Command |
Wrong, Dennis. Power: Its Forms, Bases and Uses. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1996, pp. 35-83. ISBN: 9781560008224. |
II. The Sources, Structure and Institutionalization of Power |
15-16 |
Some Classical Views |
Denby, David. "Aristotle." Great Books. New York, NY: Touchstone, 1996, pp. 117-127. ISBN: 9780684809755.
———. "Machiavelli." Great Books. New York, NY: Touchstone, 1996, pp. 194-201. ISBN: 9780684809755.
———. "Hobbes and Locke." Great Books. New York, NY: Touchstone, 1996, pp. 206-220. ISBN: 9780684809755.
———. "Marx." "Hobbes and Locke." Great Books. New York, NY: Touchstone, 1996, pp. 338-352. ISBN: 9780684809755.
Machiavelli, Niccolo. "How a Prince Must Act In Order to Gain Reputation." The Prince. New York, NY: Signet Classics, 1999, pp. 110-113. ISBN: 9780451527462.
Hobbes, Thomas. The Leviathan. pp. 344-261.
Pareto, Vilfredo. "The Circulation of Elites."
Marx, Karl, and Frederick Engels. The Communist Manifesto. New York, NY: Penguin, 2002. ISBN: 9780140447576.
———. "Preface." A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy. New York, NY: International Publishers, 1979. ISBN: 9780717800414.
Appignanesi, Michael. Marx for Beginners. New York, NY: Pantheon Books, 1979. ISBN: 9780394737164.
Tocqueville, Alexis de. "That Aristocracy May be Engendered by Manufactures." Democracy in America. New York, NY: Signet Classics, 2001. ISBN: 9780451528124.
Michels, Robert. "Democracy and the Iron Law of Oligarchy." Political Parties. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1999. ISBN: 9780765804693.
Weber, Max. "Class, Status and Party," and "Three Types of Legitimate Rule." Theory of Social and Economic Organization. New York, NY: Free Press, 1964. ISBN: 0684836408.
Foucault, Michel. The History of Sexuality. New York, NY: Vintage Books, 1980, pp. 3-13, 17-35, and 92-114. ISBN: 9780394740263. |
17-18 |
Modern Debates |
Bachrach, Peter, and Morton Baratz. "Two Faces of Power." Power and Poverty; Theory and Practice. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1970.
Lukes, Steven. Power: A Radical View. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. ISBN: 9780333420928. |
19-20 |
Authority (2): Power Redefined, Institutionalized, and Disciplined |
Foucault, Michel. "Truth and Power." In Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972-1977. Edited by Colin Gordon. New York, NY: Pantheon Books, 1980. ISBN: 9780394739540.
Peller, Gary. "Reason and the Mob: The Politics of Representation." Tikkun Magazine 2, no. 3 (1987): 28-31, and 92-95.
Scott, Joan Wallace. "The Pitfalls of 'Scientific' Feminism." Tikkun Magazine 4, no. 2 (March 1989): 90-91.
Fallows, James. "The Case Against Credentialism." The Atlantic Monthly (December 1985): 49-67. |
III. Institutionalized Power: Examples and Transformations |
21-22 |
Bureaucratic Organizations and Entrepreneurial Corporations |
Herzfeld. The Social Production of Indifference. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1993. ISBN: 9780226329086. |
23-24 |
Modernity, Post-modern Colonialism, and The Global Community |
Silbey, Susan. "Let Them Eat Cake." Law and Society Review 31, no. 2 (1997): 207-236.
Sasson, Saskia. The Global City. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1991, pp. 3-34. ISBN: 9780691078663.
Mintz, Sidney. Sweetness and Power. New York, NY: Penguin Books, 1986. ISBN: 9780140092332. (Excerpts)
Giddens, Anthony. The Consequences of Modernity. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1990. ISBN: 9780804717625. (Excerpts) |
25-26 |
The Possibilities of Resistance |
Ewick, and Silbey. "Narrating Social Structure: Stories of Resistance to Law." American Journal of Sociology 108, no. 6 (May 2003): 1328-72. |
27 |
Powersharing
Can Power be Distributed Equally? |
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