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Abstract/Syllabus:
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Laws, David, and Steve Meyer, 11.002J Fundamentals of Public Policy, Fall 2004. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Accessed 09 Jul, 2010). License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
Fundamentals of Public Policy
Fall 2004
The cover of the Federalist Papers. (Image courtesy of Teaching Politics.)
Course Highlights
This course features an in-depth set of lecture notes on topics in public policy, as well as a detailed list of readings by topic. Together, they give a comprehensive look at the subject of this class.
Course Description
Fundamentals of Public Policy is an introductory course that explores policy-making as both a problem-solving process and a political process. We look at policy-making from the perspective of different focal actors and institutions, including: administrative agencies, legislators, the courts, the mass public, interest groups, and the media. We examine the interplay between policy development and institutions, and review normative and empirical models of policy-making.
Exploring these issues will require us to address questions like: How and why does something come to be seen as a "public problem" requiring a governmental response, while others fail to get attention? Why do we need public policies? What determines the content and nature of public policies? Who decides public policy priorities? Does public policy ever accomplish anything worthwhile?
*Some translations represent previous versions of courses.
Syllabus
Course Objectives and Scope
Fundamentals of Public Policy is an introductory course that explores policy-making as both a problem-solving process and a political process. We look at policy-making from the perspective of different focal actors and institutions, including: administrative agencies, legislators, the courts, the mass public, interest groups, and the media. We examine the interplay between policy development and institutions, and review normative and empirical models of policy-making.
Exploring these issues will require us to address questions like: How and why does something come to be seen as a "public problem" requiring a governmental response, while others fail to get attention? Why do we need public policies? What determines the content and nature of public policies? Who decides public policy priorities? Does public policy ever accomplish anything worthwhile?
Organization
This course is organized around the two weekly lecture sessions and a 1-hour recitation section. The lecture classes will delve into the primary topic for the week, covering theoretical and analytical issues as well as the substantive questions raised in the reading material. In particular, the discussion will emphasize alternative ways of examining a given topic. Students are encouraged to ask questions and offer comments in class.
Readings
The following textbook should be purchased for the course:
Van Horn, Carl E., Donald C. Baumer, and William T. Gormley, Jr., eds. Politics and Public Policy. 3rd ed. Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2001. ISBN: 9781568024837.
Students are also required to read the daily press, choosing among: The Boston Globe, The New York Times, or the Wall Street Journal.
All the readings assignments relevant to a given week's class discussion must be read prior to that class.
Requirements and Gradings
Criteria for HASS CI Subjects: Communication intensive subjects in the humanities, arts, and social sciences should require at least 20 pages of writing divided among 3-5 assignments. Of these 3-5 assignments, at least one should be revised and resubmitted. HASS CI subjects should further offer students substantial opportunity for oral expression, through presentations, student-led discussion, or class participation. In order to guarantee sufficient attention to student writing and substantial opportunity for oral expression, the maximum number of students per section in a HASS CI subject is 18, except in the case of a subject taught without sections (where the faculty member in charge is the only instructor). In that case, enrollments can rise to 25, if a writing fellow is attached to the subject.
Grades will be determined by student performance on all of the following:
Class Participation - 25%
Students are required to attend all class sessions. Missing more than two classes without prior permission will result in automatic failure of the course regardless of other grades. Quizzes may be given at the discretion of the instructors.
Both lecture and recitation section will involve extensive student oral participation, commenting, questioning, and probing of arguments and ideas. Students will be required to prepare a group oral presentation as part of a policy exercise (see below).
Four Topical Papers and Policy Exercise (Totaling About 20 Pages) - 48%
Paper topics will be assigned. Specific due dates for the papers are noted in the syllabus and late papers will be reduced 1/2 grade per day.
The first paper will involve a rewriting exercise, with the grade being assigned after completion of the rewrite.
Policy Exercise
The final paper will include a policy exercise. The exercise focuses on the implementation stage of policy-making and is designed to give students direct experience in a policy arena that interests them. Students work in groups to conduct interviews with local individuals and organizations involved in implementing policy, collectively analyze the results of their research, and communicate their findings in an oral presentation. The policy exercise is organized through the sections where guidance will be provided to help students identify appropriate topics, organize and analyze their research, and present their findings. Further guidance will be distributed.
Final Exam (3 Hour Exam) - 27%
Grading Criteria
activities |
percentages |
Class Participation
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25%
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Four Topical Papers and Policy Exercise (Totaling about 20 Pages)
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48%
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Final Exam (3 Hour Exam)
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27%
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Calendar
Lec # |
Topics |
key dates |
1 |
Introduction to the Course
Why bother taking this class? |
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2 |
Fish Banks Simulation
We begin with an in-class simulation illustrating the public problems that can arise through private actions in the market place. |
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3 |
Fish Banks Simulation (cont.) |
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4 |
What are "Public Policies?"
What is this thing we call "public policy" and why does it exist? Is there more to the "public interest" than the aggregation of self-interests or finding solutions to common problems? What is a public problem? What did we experience in the Fish Banks simulation? What could have been done to improve the outcome? |
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5 |
Designing Government?
Governments come in infinite varieties. If we could design a government from scratch, what characteristics would we like to see? How should it be organized? What "institutions" would we want to create? The American Model of governance serves as the foundation for this discussion and the rest of the course. We look at the design, distribution of authority, and relationships among legislatures, executive agencies, and the courts in the context of American federalism. |
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6 |
Models of Public Policy Decision Making
In thinking about formulating public policy, we begin by approaching the task as an exercise in technical problem solving. What is the problem? What are the most promising solutions? We then expand our thinking to include other -- sometimes powerful -- considerations that influence the choice of solutions. |
1st draft of paper 1 due
Write a 1000 word op-ed essay on the lessons of the Fish Banks simulation for the Boston Globe |
7 |
National Security Policy - Foreign Threats
Providing security from external threats is the historical role of government. We examine "who" makes national security policy. |
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8 |
National Security Policy - Domestic Threats
Does the "technical approach" really capture all the important elements of good public policy? We examine the basic concepts of security and liberty exploring how they are used to argue, validate, and legitimize policy claims. We introduce the idea of policy tradeoffs. |
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9 |
Trade and Development Policy
We move on to the basic concepts of equity, fairness, and efficiency exploring how they are used to argue, validate, and legitimize policy claims. |
Revised paper 1 due
Revise your original paper as per the comments from your instructor |
10 |
Trade and Development Policy (cont.) |
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11 |
Environmental Policy: Pollution and Environmental Justice
When civil rights and environmental protection clash. |
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12 |
Environmental Policy: Pollution and Environmental Justice (cont.) |
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13 |
Environmental Policy: Endangered Species
The history of the endangered species act is a history of collisions among public interests and between public interests and private interests. How did this law come to be? What does it tell us about government intent and law making? |
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14 |
Environmental Policy: Endangered Species (cont.) |
Paper 2 due (1600 words) |
15 |
Energy Policy
Government can provide information (mileage, safety). |
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16 |
Health Policy |
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17 |
Health Policy (cont.) |
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18 |
Health Policy (cont.) |
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19 |
Social Policy |
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20 |
Social Policy: Allocating Rights
Government can create rights. Civil rights, property rights, privacy rights are conveyed by the government to its citizens. These rights shape and constrain policy and may be tested as times change. |
Paper 3 due
Health policy issue (1600 words) |
21 |
Social Policy (cont.) |
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22 |
Crime Policy: A Cost-Benefit Analysis
Using public resources for the greatest public benefit. |
Paper 4 due
Street level bureaucracy memo to improve service delivery, 1600 words |
23 |
Public Health and Risk Assessment
How safe is too safe? What Price Safety? |
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24 |
Evaluating Educational Policy
Can market competition improve education? What works? |
Policy exercise final paper due |
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Further Reading:
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Readings
Lec # |
Topics |
readings |
1 |
Introduction to the Course |
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2 |
Fish Banks Simulation |
Required Readings
Layzer, Judy. "The New England Groundfish Crisis." In The Environmental Case. Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2002, pp. 183-208. ISBN: 9781568027265.
Background Materials on the New England Fisheries Crisis -
CLF: The Road to Groundfish Collapse and Turning the Corner to Recovery: A Brief History of the New England Fisheries Crisis (1976-1997).
NOAA: History of the New England Fisheries Industry. |
3 |
Fish Banks Simulation (cont.) |
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4 |
What are "Public Policies?" |
Required Readings
Orren, Gary R. "Beyond Self-Interest." In The Power of Public Ideas. Edited by Robert Reich. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, 1987, pp. 13-29. ISBN: 9780887301285.
Steven Kelman. "Why Public Ideas Matter." In The Power of Public Ideas. Edited by Robert Reich. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, 1988, pp. 31-53. ISBN: 9780887301285.
Policy Tools News Clippings. (Articles from the press) |
5 |
Designing Government? |
Required Readings
Federalist Papers: 10, 47, 51, and 78.
Selected News Clippings.
Recommended Readings
Kelso, William. "Three Types of Pluralism." In American Democratic Theory: Pluralism and Its Critics. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1978, pp. 12-29. [18p] ISBN: 9780837198255.
Dahl, Robert. Who Governs? New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1963. ISBN: 9780300000511.
Heymann, Philip P. "How Government Expresses Public Ideas." Chapter 4 in The Power of Public Ideas. Edited by Robert Reich. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, 1987. [25p] ISBN: 9780887301285.
Reich, Robert. "Policy Making in a Democracy." Chapter 6 in The Power of Public Ideas. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, 1987. [35p] ISBN: 9780887301285.
Friedman, Milton, and Rose Friedman. Free to Choose. New York, NY: Harcourt Brace, 1990. ISBN: 9780156334600.
Mills, C. Wright. The Power Elite. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2000. ISBN: 9780195133547.
Olson, Mancur. The Logic of Collective Action. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1971. ISBN: 9780674537514.
Truman, David. "Interest Groups and the Nature of the State." In American Society Inc. Edited by M. Zeitlin. New York, NY: Markaham Publishing, 1970. ISBN: 9780841040144.
Putnam, Robert. "Introduction: The Comparative Study of Political Elites." In The Comparative Study of Political Elites. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1976, pp. 2-19. [18p] ISBN: 9780131541955.
Walker, Jack. "A Critique of the Elitist Theory of Democracy." American Political Science Review 60, no. 2 (June 1966): 285-295. |
6 |
Models of Public Policy Decision Making |
Required Readings
Van Horn, et al. Politics & Public Policy. Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2001, introduction and chapters 1, and 2. [55p] ISBN: 9781568024837.
Hansen, B. "Nuclear waste." CQ Researcher Online 11 (June 8, 2001): 489-504. Retrieved August 8, 2005.
Recommended Readings
Whiteman, David. "The Fate of Policy Analysis in Congressional Decision Making: Three Types of Use in Committees." Western Political Quarterly 38, no. 2 (1985): 295-296.
Mooney, Christopher Z. "Putting it on Paper: The Content of Written Information Used in State Lawmaking." American Politics Quarterly 20, no. 3 (1992): 359. |
7 |
National Security Policy - Foreign Threats |
Required Readings
Cooper, M. "New defense priorities." CQ Researcher Online 12 (September 13, 2002): 721-744.
———. "North Korean crisis." CQ Researcher Online 13 (April 11, 2003): 321-344.
North Korea News Clippings.
Van Horn, et al. "Chief Executive Politics." In Politics & Public Policy. Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2001, pp. 157-192. ISBN: 9781568024837.
Recommended Readings
Adams, Gordon. "The Business of Defense." In Hays, Vallance, & Van Tassel, American Defense Policy. Baltimore, MD: John's Hopkins University Press, 1996, pp. 151-159. ISBN: 9780801854736. |
8 |
National Security Policy - Domestic Threats |
Required Readings
Kady, Martin. "Homeland Security." CQ Researcher 13, no. 31 (2003): 749-772.
Kenneth, Jost. "Civil Liberties Debates." CQ Researcher 13, no. 37 (2004): 893-916.
National Security and Civil Liberties News Clippings.
"The U.S. Patriot Act: A Sketch." Congressional Research Service, (2002).
Recommended Readings
Masci, D. "Civil liberties in wartime." CQ Researcher Online 11 (December 14, 2001): 10-1040.
"The U.S. Patriot Act: A Legal Analysis." Congressional Research Service, (2002).
Heclo, Hugh. "Issues Networks and the Executive Establishment." In The New American Political System. Edited by Anthony King. Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute, 1978, pp. 87-124. [37p] ISBN: 9780844733159. |
9 |
Trade and Development Policy |
Required Readings
Cooper, M. "World trade." CQ Researcher Online 10 (June 9, 2000): 497-520.
Sampson, Gary P., ed. "Overview." In The Role of the World Trade Organization in Global Governance. New York, NY: United Nations University Press, 2001. ISBN: 9789280810554.
Ricupero, Rubens. "Rebuilding confidence in the multilateral trading system: Closing the 'legitimacy gap." In The Role of the World Trade Organization in Global Governance. Edited by Gary P. Sampson. New York, NY: United Nations University Press, 2001. ISBN: 9789280810554.
Recommended Readings
Annan, Kofi. "Laying the foundations of a fair and free world trade system." In The Role of the World Trade Organization in Global Governance. Edited by Gary P. Sampson. New York, NY: United Nations University Press, 2001. ISBN: 9789280810554. |
10 |
Trade and Development Policy (cont.) |
Required Readings
Hansen, Brian. "Globalization Backlash." CQ Researcher 11, no. 33 (September 28, 2001).
Broad, Robin, ed. "Challenging Corporate Conduct." In Global Backlash. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2002. ISBN: 9780742510340.
Strauss, Levi. "Business Partner Terms of Engagement and Guidelines for Country Selection." In Global Backlash. Edited by Robin Broad. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2002. ISBN: 9780742510340. (Reprint)
Statement by Jose Bove on February 3, 1998
Christison, Bill. "The Trial of Jose Bove." Motion Magazine, August 7, 2000.
Subcommandante Marcos "Our Word is Our Weapon." In Global Backlash. Edited by Robin Broad. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2002. ISBN: 9780742510340.
Recommended Readings
Ericson, Rose Benz. "The Conscious Consumer: Promoting Economic Justice through Fair Trade." In Global Backlash. Edited by Robin Broad. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield. ISBN: 9780742510340.
Hale, Angela. "What Hope for 'Ethical' Trade in the Globalized Garment Industry?" In Global Backlash. Edited by Robin Broad. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2002. ISBN: 9780742510340.
Masih, Iqbal, and Blair Underwood. "Presentation and Acceptance of Reebok Youth in Action Award." In Global Backlash. Edited by Robin Broad. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2002. ISBN: 9780742510340. (Reprint)
Tanner, Jane. "Living Wage Movement." CQ Researcher 12, no. 33 (September 27, 2002). |
11 |
Environmental Policy: Pollution and Environmental Justice |
Required Readings
Laws, David. "Introduction to Environmental Justice."
Cooper, Mary. "Bush and the Environment." CQ Reporter 12, no. 37 (October 25, 2002).
Recommended Readings
Laws, David, and Martin Rein. "Reframing Practice." In Deliberative olicy Analysis. Edited by Maarten Hajer, and Hendrik Wagenaar. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003, pp. 180-201.
Cooper, Mary. "Environmental Justice." CQ Reporter 8, no. 23 (1998): 529-552.
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12 |
Environmental Policy: Pollution and Environmental Justice (cont.) |
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13 |
Environmental Policy: Endangered Species |
Required Readings
Mann, Charles, and Plummer. "The Awful Beast is Back." In Charles Mann and Plummer Noah's Choice. New York, NY: Knopf, 1995, pp. 147-175. ISBN: 9780679420026.
U.S. Supreme Court. TVA v. Hill
U.S. Supreme Court. Babbit v. Sweet Home.
Summary of TVA v. Hill and Babbit v. Sweet Home.
Van Horn, et al. Politics & Public Policy. Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2001, chapter 4. [33p] ISBN: 9781568024837. |
14 |
Environmental Policy: Endangered Species (cont.) |
Recommended Readings
Downs, Anthony. "Up and Down with Ecology: The Issue-Attention Cycle." Public Interest 28 (1972): pp. 38-50. |
15 |
Energy Policy |
Required Readings
Cooper, M. "Suv debate." CQ Researcher Online 13 (May 16, 2003): 449-472.
"Automobile and Light Truck Fuel Economy: The CAFE Standards." Congressional Research Service, 2003. (IB90122)
Recommended Readings
Quirk, Paul. "Policy Making in the Contemporary Congress." Chapter 9 in The New Politics of Public Policy. Edited by Landy and Levin. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995. ISBN: 9780801848780. |
16 |
Health Policy |
Required Readings
Greenblatt, Alan. "Obesity Epidemic." CQ Researcher (January 31, 003).
Clark, Charles "Crackdown on Smoking." CQ Researcher (December 4, 1992).
Recommended Readings
Jost, Kenneth. "Closing in on Tobacco." CQ Researcher (November 12, 1999). |
17 |
Health Policy (cont.) |
Required Readings
Epstein, K. "Covering the uninsured." CQ Researcher Online 12 (June 14, 2002): 521-544.
Bettelheim, Adriel. "Medicare Reform." CQ Researcher (August 22, 2003). |
18 |
Health Policy (cont.) |
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19 |
Social Policy |
Required Readings
Lipsky, Michael. "The Critical Role of Street Level Bureaucrats," and "Street Level Bureaucrats as Policy Makers." Chapters 1, and 2 in Street Level Bureaucracy. New York, NY: Russell Sage, 1980, pp. 3-12, and 13-25. ISBN: 9780871545244.
Recommended Readings
Glazer, S. "Welfare reform." CQ Researcher Online 11 (August 3, 2001): 601-632. |
20 |
Social Policy: Allocating Rights |
Required Readings
Jost, K. "Affirmative action." CQ Researcher Online 11 (September 21, 2001): 737-760.
Balkin, Jack M. What Brown v. Board of Education should have said. New York, NY: New York University Press, 2001. ISBN: 9780814798898.
Van Horn, et al. Politics & Public Policy. Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2001, Chapters 7. [39p] ISBN: 9781568024837.
Recommended Readings
Linsky, Martin. "The Media & Public Deliberation." Chapter 9 in The Power of Public Ideas. Edited by Robert Reich. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, 1988. ISBN: 9780887301285.
Heifetz, Ronald, and Riley Sinder. "Managing the Public's Problem Solving." Chapter 8 in The Power of Public Ideas. Edited by Robert Reich. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, 1988. [27p] ISBN: 9780887301285. |
21 |
Social Policy (cont.) |
Required Readings
Jost, K. "Abortion debates." CQ Researcher Online 13 (March 21, 2003): 249-272.
Vennochi, Joan. "Abortion Foes Won by Framing Debate." Boston Globe, October 23, 2003.
Van Horn, et al. Politics & Public Policy. Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2001, chapter 8. [41p] ISBN: 9781568024837. |
22 |
Crime Policy: A Cost-Benefit Analysis |
Required Readings
OMB Circular on Economic Analysis.
Piehl, Anne, Bert Useem, and John Dilulio, Jr. "A Cost Benefit Analysis of Imprisonment in Three States." Center for Civic Innovation (1999): 1-15.
Recommended Readings
Kopp, Raymond J., Alan J., Krupnick, and Michael Toman. Cost Benefit Analysis and Regulatory Reform. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future. 1997. |
23 |
Public Health and Risk Assessment |
Required Readings
Putnam, Susan W., and Jonathan Baert Wiener. "Seeking Safe Drinking Water." Chapter 7 in Risk vs. Risk. Edited by John D. Graham and Jonathan Baert Wiener. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995, pp. 124-148. ISBN: 9780674773042. |
24 |
Evaluating Educational Policy |
Required Readings
Howell, William, Patrick Wolf, David Campbel, and Paul Peterson. "School Vouchers and Academic Performance: Results from Three Randomized Field Trials." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 21, no. 2 (2002): 191-217. |
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