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Abstract/Syllabus:
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Leverett, Flynt, and Paul Staniland, 17.906 Reading Seminar in Social Science: The Geopolitics and Geoeconomics of Global Energy, Spring 2007. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Accessed 09 Jul, 2010). License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
Reading Seminar in Social Science: The Geopolitics and Geoeconomics of Global Energy
Spring 2007
Gas flares over the Orashi River, Nigeria. (Image courtesy of E. Sandercock.)
Course Highlights
This course features selected lecture notes and extensive readings about oil and gas producing regions of the world.
Course Description
This course focuses on strategic and political implications of ongoing trends in global energy markets, particularly markets for crude oil and natural gas. The course examines the world's major oil and natural gas producing regions: the Middle East, the Caspian Region, Russia, Venezuela, and the North Sea. Producer-consumer relationships are considered for China, India, Japan, and the United States. United States foreign policy implications, especially with respect to China, are discussed.
Recommended Citation
For any use or distribution of these materials, please cite as follows:
Flynt Leverett and Paul Staniland, course materials for 17.906 Reading Seminar in Social Science: The Geopolitics and Geoeconomics of Global Energy, Spring 2007. MIT OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
Syllabus
A calendar listing topics by week is shown below.
Description
This course focuses on strategic and political implications of ongoing trends in global energy markets, particularly markets for crude oil and natural gas.
Format
The course will be organized in a lecture format, meeting once a week for a total of 14 class sessions. In addition, there will be a weekly discussion session lead by the teaching assistant.
Requirements
Undergraduate
Students will be expected to digest weekly reading assignments before each class session and to reflect critical engagement with the readings in their participation in each week's discussion sessions. Each student will also be required to complete two "take home" exams. The first of these will be distributed in class during Week #8 and is to be turned in during class on Week #11. The second "take home" exam will be distributed in class during Week #12 and is to be turned in during class on Week #14.
Graduate
Graduate students are responsible for additional weekly readings. They will submit a term paper with topics and requirements based on three consultations with the instructor. The term paper topic must be determined by Week #7.
Required Texts
Deutch, John M., James R. Schlesinger, and David G. Victor. National Security Consequences of U.S. Oil Dependency: Report of an Independent Task Force. New York, NY: Council on Foreign Relations, 2006. ISBN: 9780876093658.
Crandall, Maureen. Energy, Economics, and Politics in the Caspian Region: Dreams and Realities. Westport, CT: Praeger Security International, 2006. ISBN: 9780275991302.
Marcel, Valerie. Oil Titans: National Oil Companies in the Middle East. Baltimore, MD: Brookings Institution Press, 2006. ISBN: 9780815754732.
Parra, Francisco. Oil Politics: A Modern History of Petroleum. New York, NY: I.B. Tauris, 2004. ISBN: 9781860649776.
Victor, David, Amy Jaffe, and Mark Hayes, eds. Natural Gas and Geopolitics: From 1970 to 2040. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2006. ISBN: 9780521865036.
Weintraub, Sidney, Annette Hester, Veronica R Prado, and Luis Alberto Moreno, eds. Energy Cooperation in the Western Hemisphere: Benefits and Impediments. Washington, DC: The CSIS Press, Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2007. ISBN: 9780892064885.
Additional readings are also assigned during the course of the semester.
Grading
Undergraduate
| ACTIVITIES |
PERCENTAGES |
| Discussion participation |
30% |
| Take home exam 1 |
35% |
| Take home exam 2 |
35% |
Term Paper: 100%
Graduate
Recommended Citation
For any use or distribution of these materials, please cite as follows:
Flynt Leverett and Paul Staniland, course materials for 17.906 Reading Seminar in Social Science: The Geopolitics and Geoeconomics of Global Energy, Spring 2007. MIT OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
Calendar
| WEEK # |
TOPICS |
KEY DATES |
| 1 |
Introduction to course |
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| 2 |
The global energy industry - companies and governments; markets and politics |
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| 3 |
The global energy balance - present status, future trends, and strategic responses |
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| 4 |
Markets, cartels, and consumers - resource nationalism and resource mercantilism |
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| 5 |
Resource nationalism and market power (I) - OPEC and the challenges |
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| 6 |
Resource nationalism and market power (II) - Iran, Iraq, and the future of hydrocarbon production in the Persian Gulf |
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| 7 |
Resource nationalism and market power (III) - Russia, the Post-Soviet Space, and Europe |
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| 8 |
Resource nationalism and market power (IV) - Russia and Asia |
Take home exam 1 out |
| 9 |
Resource mercantilism - China, India, and Japan |
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| 10 |
Energy battlegrounds (I) - energy and regional security in East Asia
The international energy agency and the future of consumer cooperation
New prospects for producer-consumer cooperation
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| 11 |
Energy battlegrounds (II) - Central Asia, the Caspian Basin, and Iran |
Take home exam 1 due |
| 12 |
Energy battlegrounds (III) - The United States, Canada, and Latin America |
Take home exam 2 out |
| 13 |
The geopolitics of energy and U.S. foreign policy - managing energy interdependence |
Graduate term papers due |
| 14 |
The geoeconomics of energy and U.S. foreign policy - energy, currency, and the future of America's global leadership |
Take home exam 2 due |
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Further Reading:
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Readings
Readings are also listed by session.
All students are responsible for the Readings. Graduate students have additional readings.
Required Texts
Deutch, John M., James R. Schlesinger, and David G. Victor. National Security Consequences of U.S. Oil Dependency: Report of an Independent Task Force. New York, NY: Council on Foreign Relations, 2006. ISBN: 9780876093658.
Crandall, Maureen. Energy, Economics, and Politics in the Caspian Region: Dreams and Realities. Westport, CT: Praeger Security International, 2006. ISBN: 9780275991302.
Marcel, Valerie. Oil Titans: National Oil Companies in the Middle East. Baltimore, MD: Brookings Institution Press, 2006. ISBN: 9780815754732.
Parra, Francisco. Oil Politics: A Modern History of Petroleum. New York, NY: I.B. Tauris, 2004. ISBN: 9781860649776.
Victor, David, Amy Jaffe, and Mark Hayes, eds. Natural Gas and Geopolitics: From 1970 to 2040. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2006. ISBN: 9780521865036.
Weintraub, Sidney, Annette Hester, Veronica R Prado, and Luis Alberto Moreno, eds. Energy Cooperation in the Western Hemisphere: Benefits and Impediments. Washington, DC: The CSIS Press, Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2007. ISBN: 9780892064885.
Additional on-line readings are assigned in the table below.
Readings by Session
| WEEK # |
TOPICS |
READINGS |
| 1 |
Introduction to course |
Marcel, Valerie. Oil Titans: National Oil Companies in the Middle East. Baltimore, MD: Brookings Institution Press, 2006, pp. 14-53. ISBN: 9780815754732. Parra, Francisco. Oil Politics: A Modern History of Petroleum. New York, NY: I.B. Tauris, 2004, pp. 6-67. ISBN: 9781860649776.Additional readings for graduate students Yergin, Daniel. The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power. New York, NY: Free Press, 2003. ISBN: 9780671799328.
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| 2 |
The global energy industry - companies and governments; markets and politics |
Parra, Francisco. Oil Politics: A Modern History of Petroleum. New York, NY: I.B. Tauris, 2004, pp. 68-275. ISBN: 9781860649776.Additional readings for graduate studentsFor development of a typology for comparing national frameworks regulating the production and marketing of oil and natural gas.Smith, Ernest, and John Dzienkowski. "A Fifty-Year Perspective on World Petroleum Arrangements." Texas International Law Journal 24, no. 1 (1989).
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| 3 |
The global energy balance - present status, future trends, and strategic responses |
BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2006Leverett, Flynt, and Pierre Noel. "The New Axis of Oil." The National Interest (July 2006). Barnes, Joe, Mark Hayes, Amy Jaffe, and David Victor. "Introduction to the Study." In Natural Gas and Geopolitics: From 1970 to 2040. Edited by David Victor, Amy Jaffe, and Mark Hayes. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2006. ISBN: 9780521865036.Additional readings for graduate studentsTo provide an overview of the problems and uncertainties involved in estimating future production of oil and natural gas and assessing the impact of geopolitical factors on production levels. Cordesman, Anthony, and Khalid al-Rodhan. The Global Oil Market: Risks and Uncertainties. Washington, DC: CSIS Press (Center for Strategic and International Studies), 2006. ISBN: 9780892064793.
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| 4 |
Markets, cartels, and consumers - resource nationalism and resource mercantilism |
Parra, Francisco. Oil Politics: A Modern History of Petroleum. New York, NY: I.B. Tauris, 2004, pp. 276-347. ISBN: 9781860649776. Hartey, Peter, and Kenneth Medlock. "Political and Economic Influences on the Future World Market for Natural Gas." In Natural Gas and Geopolitics: From 1970 to 2040. Edited by David Victor, Amy Jaffe, and Mark Hayes. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2006. ISBN: 9780521865036.Additional readings for graduate studentsTo introduce methodological problems involved in forecasting the global balance of supply and demand for crude oil and natural gas.
Hartley, Peter, and Kenneth Medlock. "The Baker Institute World Gas Trade Model." In Natural Gas and Geopolitics: From 1970 to 2040. Edited by David Victor, Amy Jaffe, and Mark Hayes. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2006. ISBN: 9780521865036.
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| 5 |
Resource nationalism and market power (I) - OPEC and the challenges |
Energy Information Administration, Country Analysis Brief: Saudi Arabia. Marcel, Valerie. Oil Titans: National Oil Companies in the Middle East. Baltimore, MD: Brookings Institution Press, 2006, pp. 54-105. ISBN: 9780815754732.
Additional readings for graduate students
To relate OPEC's historical experience in trying to coordinate production decisions among major oil producers to theoretical issues in the study of international political economy-primarily collective action and international cooperation.Blaydes, Lisa. "Rewarding Impatience: A Bargaining and Enforcement Model of OPEC." International Organization 58, no. 2 (April 2004): 213-237.
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| 6 |
Resource nationalism and market power (II) - Iran, Iraq, and the future of hydrocarbon production in the Persian Gulf |
Energy Information Administration, Country Analysis Brief: Iran.
Energy Information Administration, Country Analysis Brief: Iraq.
Crandall, Maureen. Energy, Economics, and Politics in the Caspian Region: Dreams and Realities. Westport, CT: Praeger Security International, 2006, pp. 107-118. ISBN: 9780275991302.
Marcel, Valerie. Oil Titans: National Oil Companies in the Middle East. Baltimore, MD: Brookings Institution Press, 2006, pp. 106-223. ISBN: 9780815754732.
Additional readings for graduate students
To look at the energy dimensions of regional security dynamics in the Persian Gulf.McMillan, Joseph. "Saudi Arabia and Iraq: Oil, Religion, and an Enduring Rivalry." United States Institute of Peace Special Report, no. 157 (January 2006): 1-16.
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| 7 |
Resource nationalism and market power (III) - Russia, the Post-Soviet Space, and Europe |
Energy Information Administration, Country Anaysis Brief: Russia.The Brookings Institution. "The Russian Federation." The Brookings Foreign Policy Energy Security Series (October 2006): 1-33.
Crandall, Maureen. Energy, Economics, and Politics in the Caspian Region: Dreams and Realities. Westport, CT: Praeger Security International, 2006, pp. 118-135. ISBN: 9780275991302. Hayes, Mark. "The Transmed and Maghreb Projects: Gas to Europe from North Africa." In Natural Gas and Geopolitics: From 1970 to 2040. Edited by David Victor, Amy Jaffe, and Mark Hayes. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2006. ISBN: 9780521865036. Victor, Nadejda, and David Victor. "Bypassing Ukraine: Exporting Russian Gas to Poland and Germany." In Natural Gas and Geopolitics: From 1970 to 2040. Edited by David Victor, Amy Jaffe, and Mark Hayes. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2006. ISBN: 9780521865036.
Additional readings for graduate students
To delve deeply into Russian energy policy and to relate Putin's use of the energy "weapon" to broader analytic questions about Russian foreign policy.Larsson, Robert. Russia's Energy Policy: Security Dimensions and Russia's Reliability as an Energy Supplier. Stockholm, Sweden: Swedish Defense Research Institute, March 2006. ISBN: 1650-1942.
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| 8 |
Resource nationalism and market power (IV) - Russia and Asia |
Crandall, Maureen. Energy, Economics, and Politics in the Caspian Region: Dreams and Realities. Westport, CT: Praeger Security International, 2006, pp. 9-54. ISBN: 9780275991302. Jaffe, Amy, and Ronald Soligo. "Market Structure in the New Gas Economy: Is Cartelization Possible?" In Natural Gas and Geopolitics: From 1970 to 2040. Edited by David Victor, Amy Jaffe, and Mark Hayes. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2006. ISBN: 9780521865036.
Additional readings for graduate students
To relate Russian energy and foreign policy to theoretical questions about "soft balancing" in international relations.Pape, Robert. "Soft Balancing Against the United States." International Security 30, no. 1 (Summer 2005): 7-45.Paul, T. V. "Soft Balancing in the Age of U.S. Primacy." International Security 30, no. 1 (Summer 2005): 46-71.Brooks, Stephen, and William Wohlforth. "Hard Times for Soft Balancing." International Security 30, no. 1 (Summer 2005): 72-108.Lieber, Keir, and Gerard Alexander. "Waiting for Balancing: Why the World is not Pushing Back." International Security 30, no. 1 (Summer 2005): 109-139.
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| 9 |
Resource mercantilism - China, India, and Japan |
Lieberthal, Kenneth, and Mikkal Herberg. "China's Search for Energy Security: Implications for U.S. Policy." NBR Analysis 17, no. 1 (April 2006): 1-54.
Crandall, Maureen. Energy, Economics, and Politics in the Caspian Region: Dreams and Realities. Westport, CT: Praeger Security International, 2006, pp. 138-149. ISBN: 9780275991302.Hashimoto, Kohei, Jareer Elass, and Stacy Eller. "Liquified Natural Gas from Qatar: The Qatargas Project." In Natural Gas and Geopolitics: From 1970 to 2040. Edited by David Victor, Amy Jaffe, and Mark Hayes. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2006. ISBN: 9780521865036.
Additional readings for graduate students
To explore alternative analytical frameworks for understanding the international behavior of national energy companies from emerging market states in Asia and these companies' relations with their national governments.
Leverett, Flynt. "Resource Mercantilism and Future of Global Energy Governance." (Unpublished paper).
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| 10 |
Energy battlegrounds (I) - energy and regional security in East Asia
The international energy agency and the future of consumer cooperation
New prospects for producer-consumer cooperation
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Lewis, Stephen. "Energy Security in Northeast Asia: The Potential for Cooperation Among the Major Energy Consuming Economies of China, Japan, and the United States." In International Conference on Energy Security: Implications for U.S.-China-Middle East Relations, July 18, 2005, Shanghai, China. Houston, TX: James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy, 2005, pp. 1-17.
Leverett, Flynt, and Jeffrey Bader. "Managing China-U.S. Energy Competition in the Middle East." Washington Quarterly 29, no. 1 (Winter 2005-2006): 187-201.
Friedberg, Aaron. "'Going Out': China's Pursuit of Natural Resources and Implications for the PRC's Grand Strategy." NBR Analysis 17, no. 3 (September 2006): 1-40.
Additional readings for graduate students
To relate China's external energy strategy to broader analytic questions in the study of Chinese foreign policy and theoretical discussions of regional security dynamics in Asia.
Friedberg, Aaron. "The Future of U.S.-China Relations: Is Conflict Inevitable?" International Security 30, no. 2 (Fall 2005): 7-45.
Christensen, Thomas. "Fostering Stability or Creating a Monster? The Rise of China and U.S. Policy Toward East Asia." International Security 31, no. 1 (Summer 2006): 81-126.
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| 11 |
Energy battlegrounds (II) - Central Asia, the Caspian Basin, and Iran |
Energy Information Administration, Country Analysis Brief: Caspian Sea Region.
Crandall, Maureen. Energy, Economics, and Politics in the Caspian Region: Dreams and Realities. Westport, CT: Praeger Security International, 2006, pp. 55-107 and 149-169. ISBN: 9780275991302.
Olcott, Martha Brill. "International gas Trade in Central Asia: Turkmenistan, Iran, Russia, and Afghanistan." In Natural Gas and Geopolitics: From 1970 to 2040. Edited by David Victor, Amy Jaffe, and Mark Hayes. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2006. ISBN: 9780521865036.
Additional readings for graduate students
To delve into the practical problems and theoretical issues associated with consumer cooperation and producer-consumer cooperation in global energy markets.
Mitchell, John. Producer-Consumer Dialogue: What Can Energy Ministers Say to One Another?. London, UK: Chatham House (Royal Institute of International Affairs), November 2005, pp. 1-33.
Panova, Victoria. "Explaining Compliance with International Energy Commitments: The G-8 and the IEA." (Unpublished paper).
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| 12 |
Energy battlegrounds (III) - the United States, Canada, and Latin America |
Weintraub, Sidney, Annette Hester, Veronica R Prado, and Luis Alberto Moreno, eds. Energy Cooperation in the Western Hemisphere: Benefits and Impediments. Washington, DC: The CSIS Press, Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2007. ISBN: 9780892064885.
Mares, David. "Natural Gas Pipelines in the Southern Cone." In Natural Gas and Geopolitics: From 1970 to 2040. Edited by David Victor, Amy Jaffe, and Mark Hayes. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2006. ISBN: 9780521865036.
Additional readings for graduate students
To focus on the historical role of energy security concerns in U.S. foreign policy and the difficult choices that ongoing trends may force on current and future policymakers.
Leverett, Flynt. (Unpublished manuscript).
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| 13 |
The geopolitics of energy and U.S. foreign policy - managing energy interdependence |
Deutch, John M., James R. Schlesinger, and David G. Victor. National Security Consequences of U.S. Oil Dependency: Report of an Independent Task Force. New York, NY: Council on Foreign Relations, 2006. ISBN: 9780876093658.
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| 14 |
The geoeconomics of energy and U.S. foreign policy - energy, currency, and the future of America's global leadership |
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