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Abstract/Syllabus:
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Mayes, Anne, 3.051J Materials for Biomedical Applications, Spring 2006. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Accessed 07 Jul, 2010). License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
Materials for Biomedical Applications
Spring 2006
Biomaterials constructed of metals, ceramics, and polymers have many medical applications. (Image by Prof. Anne Mayes and MIT OCW.)
Course Highlights
This course features comprehensive lecture notes, as well as problem sets with solutions in the assignments section, and one sample final with solutions in the exams section.
Course Description
This class provides an introduction to the interactions between cells and the surfaces of biomaterials. The course covers: surface chemistry and physics of selected metals, polymers, and ceramics; surface characterization methodology; modification of biomaterials surfaces; quantitative assays of cell behavior in culture; biosensors and microarrays; bulk properties of implants; and acute and chronic response to implanted biomaterials. General topics include biosensors, drug delivery, and tissue engineering.
Syllabus
Subject Description
This class provides an introduction to the interactions between cells and the surfaces of biomaterials. The course covers: surface chemistry and physics of selected metals, polymers, and ceramics; surface characterization methodology; modification of biomaterials surfaces; quantitative assays of cell behavior in culture; biosensors and microarrays; bulk properties of implants; and acute and chronic response to implanted biomaterials. General topics include biosensors, drug delivery, and tissue engineering.
Prerequisites
8.01; 8.02; 3.091, 5.111, or 5.112; 7.012, 7.013 or 7.014; 3.012, 5.60, or 2.40.
Texts
Ratner, Buddy D., et al. Biomaterials Science: An Introduction to Materials in Medicine. 2nd ed. Burlington, MA: Academic Press, 2004. ISBN: 9780125824637.
Supplemental Handouts.
Homework
Approximately biweekly (7 problem sets).
Tests
Two quizzes and one final exam.
Grading
Grading criteria.
| ACTIVITIES |
PERCENTAGES |
| Homework* |
40% |
| Quiz 1 |
15% |
| Quiz 2 |
15% |
| Final Exam |
30% |
* weighting may vary
Note: Students may discuss homework problems, but should write up solutions independently. Quizzes and final are closed-book exams.
Calendar
Several lectures are given by the course TA Dr. Ikuo Taniguchi.
Course calendar.
| SES # |
TOPICS |
ASSIGNMENTS |
| 1 |
Course Introduction
Biomaterials Defined
Structural Hierarchy in Materials and Biology |
Problem set 1 assigned |
| 2 |
Biomaterials Surfaces: Physics
Surface (vs. Bulk) Structure and Properties
Surface Energy
Adsorption, Segregation, and Reconstruction at Surfaces |
|
| 3 |
Biomaterials Surfaces: Chemistry
Reactions at Surfaces: Chemisorption, Corrosion |
|
| 4 |
Biomaterials Surfaces: Chemistry (cont.)
Hydrolysis (Dr. Taniguchi) |
Problem set 1 due
Problem set 2 assigned |
| 5 |
Protein-Surface Interactions
Proteins: Structure, Properties, Functions
Protein Adsorption: Langmuir Model |
|
| 6 |
Protein-Surface Interactions (cont.)
Protein Adsorption: Complex Phenomena, Measurement |
Problem set 2 due
Problem set 3 assigned |
| 7 |
Cell-Surface Interactions: Host Response to Biomaterials
Cell Adhesion Mechanisms
Coagulation Cascade |
|
| 8 |
Cell-Surface Interactions: Host Response to Biomaterials (cont.)
Immune Response: Alternative Complement Activation |
|
| 9 |
Surface Modification Methods
Purposes
Plasma Treatments
Organic Coatings (Dr. Taniguchi) |
Problem set 3 due |
| |
Quiz 1 |
|
| 10 |
Surface Modification Methods (cont.)
Polymer Coatings
Patterned Surfaces |
Problem set 4 assigned |
| 11 |
Surface Characterization
In Vacuum: XPS/ESCA, AES, SIMS |
|
| 12 |
Surface Characterization In situ
Contact Angle, AFM |
Problem set 4 due |
| 13 |
Quantifying Cell Behavior
Cell Cultures
Cellular Assays: Adhesion, Migration, Proliferation |
Problem set 5 assigned |
| 14 |
Quantifying Cell Behavior (cont.)
Cellular Assays: Differentiation, Function |
|
| 15 |
Statistical Analysis
Error Sources, Distribution Functions, t- test |
|
| 16 |
Statistical Analysis (cont.)
Fisher Test, Regression Methods |
Problem set 5 due
Problem set 6 assigned |
| 17 |
Biosensors and Diagnostic Devices
Biological Elements
Transduction Mechanisms
Properties
Examples: Fiber Optic Biosensors, Nanobarcodes |
Problem set 6 due |
| |
Quiz 2 |
|
| 18 |
Drug Delivery: Controlled Release (Dr. Taniguchi)
Chemically-controlled Devices |
|
| 19 |
Drug Delivery: Controlled Release (cont.)
Diffusion-controlled, Membrane-based and Osmotic Devices |
Problem set 7 assigned |
| 20 |
Drug Delivery: Controlled Release (cont.)
Methods: Transdermal, Colloidal Vehicles
Mechanical Pumps |
|
| 21 |
Biomaterials for Organ Replacement
Organ Replacement Therapies
Mechanical Properties
Bone Substitutes |
|
| 22 |
Tissue Engineering
Cell Types; Approaches: In vitro, In vivo, Ex vivo/Cell Encapsulation
Scaffolds: Design and Fabrication |
Problem set 7 due |
| 23 |
Tissue Engineering (cont.)
Case Examples: Artificial Pancreas, Cartilage, Nerve Regeneration |
|
| 24 |
FDA Regulatory Issues and Course Evaluations |
|
| |
Final Exam |
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|
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Further Reading:
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Readings
Many assigned readings are from the course textbook:
Ratner, Buddy D., et al. Biomaterials Science: An Introduction to Materials in Medicine. 2nd ed. Burlington, MA: Academic Press, 2004. ISBN: 9780125824637.
Course readings.
| Lec # |
TOPICS |
READINGS |
| 1 |
Course Introduction
Biomaterials Defined
Structural Hierarchy in Materials and Biology |
Whitesides, G. M., and A. P. Wong. "The Intersection of Biology and Materials Science." MRS Bulletin 31 (2006): 19-27.
Ratner: pp. 1-26, Sections 2.1, 2.2, 2.9, and 2.10. |
| 2 |
Biomaterials Surfaces: Physics
Surface (vs. Bulk) Structure and Properties
Surface Energy
Adsorption, Segregation, and Reconstruction at Surfaces |
Ratner: pp. 40-45, Section 1.5. |
| 3 |
Biomaterials Surfaces: Chemistry
Reactions at Surfaces: Chemisorption, Corrosion |
Jacobs, J. J., J. L. Gilbert, and R. M. Urban. "Corrosion of Metal Orthopaedic Implants." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 80A (1998): 268-282.
Ratner: Section 6.3. |
| 4 |
Biomaterials Surfaces: Chemistry (cont.)
Hydrolysis (Dr. Taniguchi) |
Ratner: pp. 411-416, Section 2.7.
Ikada, Y., and H. Tsuji. "Biodegradable Polyesters for Medical and Ecological Applications." Macromolecular Rapid Communications 21 (2000): 117-132. |
| 5 |
Protein-Surface Interactions
Proteins: Structure, Properties, Functions
Protein Adsorption: Langmuir Model |
Ratner: pp. 237-246. |
| 6 |
Protein-Surface Interactions (cont.)
Protein Adsorption: Complex Phenomena, Measurement |
|
| 7 |
Cell-Surface Interactions: Host Response to Biomaterials
Cell Adhesion Mechanisms
Coagulation Cascade |
Ratner: Section 4.6. |
| 8 |
Cell-Surface Interactions: Host Response to Biomaterials (cont.)
Immune Response: Alternative Complement Activation |
Ratner: Sections 3.4, 4.2, 4.3, and 4.4. |
| 9 |
Surface Modification Methods
Purposes
Plasma Treatments
Organic Coatings (Dr. Taniguchi) |
Ratner: Sections 2.13, 2.14, 2.16, and 7.2. |
| |
Quiz 1 |
|
| 10 |
Surface Modification Methods (cont.)
Polymer Coatings
Patterned Surfaces |
|
| 11 |
Surface Characterization
In Vacuum: XPS/ESCA, AES, SIMS |
Ratner: pp. 42-57 |
| 12 |
Surface Characterization In situ
Contact Angle, AFM |
|
| 13 |
Quantifying Cell Behavior
Cell Cultures
Cellular Assays: Adhesion, Migration, Proliferation |
Handouts: Principles of Biochemistry, Receptors: Models for Binding, Trafficking, and Signaling. |
| 14 |
Quantifying Cell Behavior (cont.)
Cellular Assays: Differentiation, Function |
|
| 15 |
Statistical Analysis
Error Sources, Distribution Functions, t- test |
Ratner: Section 9.4.
Handout: Experimentation: An Introduction to Measurement Theory. |
| 16 |
Statistical Analysis (cont.)
Fisher Test, Regression Methods |
Marazuela, M. D., and M. C. Moreno-Bondi. "Fiber-optic Biosensors - An Overview." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 372 (2002): 664-682. |
| 17 |
Biosensors and Diagnostic Devices
Biological Elements
Transduction Mechanisms
Properties
Examples: Fiber Optic Biosensors, Nanobarcodes |
Ratner: Sections 7.17 and 7.18. |
| |
Quiz 2 |
|
| 18 |
Drug Delivery: Controlled Release (Dr. Taniguchi)
Chemically-controlled Devices |
|
| 19 |
Drug Delivery: Controlled Release (cont.)
Diffusion-controlled, Membrane-based and Osmotic Devices |
Ratner: Section 7.14.
Duncan, Ruth. "The Dawning Era of Polymer Therapeutics." Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 2 (2003): 347-360. |
| 20 |
Drug Delivery: Controlled Release (cont.)
Methods: Transdermal, Colloidal Vehicles
Mechanical Pumps |
|
| 21 |
Biomaterials for Organ Replacement
Organ Replacement Therapies
Mechanical Properties
Bone Substitutes |
Ratner: pp. 26-32, Sections 2.12 and 7.7. |
| 22 |
Tissue Engineering
Cell Types
Approaches: In vitro, In vivo, Ex vivo/Cell Encapsulation
Scaffolds: Design and Fabrication |
Ratner: Chapter 8. |
| 23 |
Tissue Engineering (cont.)
Case Examples: Artificial Pancreas, Cartilage, Nerve Regeneration |
|
| 24 |
FDA Regulatory Issues and Course Evaluations |
Ratner: Sections 10.1-10.4. |
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Final Exam |
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