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Abstract/Syllabus:
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Gibson, Edward, 9.59J Psycholinguistics, Spring 2005. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Accessed 08 Jul, 2010). License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA

The Chinese word order for the relative clause sentence, "The official who the tycoon invited has bad intentions." (Graphic by Prof. Edward Gibson.)
Course Highlights
This course features an extensive reading list.
Course Description
This course covers central topics in language processing, including: the structure of language; sentence, discourse, and morphological processing; storage and access of words in the mental dictionary; speech processing; the relationship between the computational resources available in working memory and the language processing mechanism; and ambiguity resolution. The course also considers computational modeling, including connectionist models; the relationship between language and thought; and issues in language acquisition including critical period phenomena, the acquisition of speech, and the acquisition of words. Experimental methodologies such as self-paced reading, eye-tracking, cross-modal priming, and neural imaging methods are also examined.
*Some translations represent previous versions of courses.
Syllabus
Summary
The ability to communicate arbitrary ideas through thin air via sound waves is a complex and fascinating process. In this course we will study how language is represented, processed and acquired, with a concentration on how language is comprehended in real time. Language is structured at many levels: sounds are structured into morphemes; morphemes are structured into words; words are structured into sentences; and sentences are structured into discourses. In this course, we will concentrate mostly on information processing above the word level. We will also discuss sound and word-level information processing, but to a lesser extent. Topics to be covered include: syntax; sentence comprehension; semantic, pragmatic and discourse comprehension; intonation; neural networks and language processing; neural imaging and language processing; language production; language acquisition; speech; speech comprehension; visual word recognition; and the relationship between language and thought.
Readings
There is no textbook for this class. Readings for this course are listed in the readings section.
Grading
Gradings Criteria.
ACTIVITIES |
PERCENTAGES |
Excercises (3 Excercise Sets) |
15% |
Three Tests (Class 8, Class 15, Class 24 or Final Exam Week) |
75% |
Class Participation |
10% |
All three tests will be closed book. There will be review sessions scheduled outside of class hours before each test.
You are responsible for the material in the readings and in the lectures. There will be material in lectures that is not in the readings, and there will be material in the readings that is not in the lectures.
*** Important piece of advice #1 ***: Come to class! It will save you a lot of time in the long run. The work in this class can be quite difficult if you try to do it straight from the readings. It is much easier if you come to class. I think I explain what I want you to know far better in lecture than you can get from the readings.
*** Important piece of advice #2 ***: Ask questions in class! Don't wait until the review sessions before the tests to ask questions. The work will be much easier for you, and you will get much more out of it if you understand it as it is being taught. Don't worry about looking foolish in front of your classmates: Usually, if someone has a question, half of the class has the same question. And don't worry about interrupting me with your questions, even if you think they are "dumb" questions. The questions are probably not dumb! And I don't mind being interrupted to answer your questions: I like it. The class becomes more fun with the interaction.
Policy on Working in Groups for Exercises
Working in groups is encouraged, but all exercises must be written in your own words.
Calendar
Course Schedule.
Lec # |
TOPICS |
KEY DATES |
1 |
Introduction to the Course |
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2 |
Syntax I |
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3 |
Syntax II |
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4 |
Syntax III |
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5 |
Sentence Parsing
Sentence Comprehension I |
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6 |
Sentence Comprehension II |
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7 |
Sentence Comprehension III |
Assignment 1 due |
8 |
Test 1 |
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9 |
Sentence Processing IV |
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10 |
Semantic and Pragmatic Processing |
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11 |
Sentence and Discourse Comprehension |
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12 |
Discourse Comprehension |
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13 |
Neural Imaging and Language Processing |
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14 |
Neural Networks and Language Processing |
Assignment 2 due |
15 |
Test 2 |
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16 |
Intonation |
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17 |
Speech |
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18 |
Speech (cont.) |
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19 |
Speech Perception and Production |
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20 |
Words: Visual Word Recognition |
Assignment 3 due |
21 |
Language Acquisition |
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22 |
Language Production |
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23 |
Review Session |
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24 |
Test 3 |
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25 |
Language and Thought I
Guest Lecturer: Amy Perfors |
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26 |
Language and Thought II
Guest Lecturer: Lauren Schmidt |
Assignment 4 due |
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Further Reading:
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Readings
There is no textbook for this course. The following readings are required for each class session.
Course readings list.
LEC # |
TOPICS |
READINGS |
1 |
Introduction to the Course |
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2 |
Syntax I |
Tartter, V. C. Language and Its Normal Processing. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1998, chapter 4. ISBN: 0803959958.
Lasnik, H. "The forms of sentences." In An Invitation to Cognitive Science: Language. Vol. 1. Edited by L. R. Gleitman, and M. Liberman. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995, pp. 283-310. ISBN: 0262650444. |
3 |
Syntax II |
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4 |
Syntax III |
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5 |
Sentence Parsing
Sentence Comprehension I |
Wolf, F., and E. Gibson. "Parsing: Overview." In Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science. Edited by L. Nadel. New York, NY: Nature Publishing Group, 2002. ISBN: 0333792610. |
6 |
Sentence Comprehension II |
Gibson, E. "Linguistic complexity in sentence comprehension." In Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science. Edited by L. Nadel. New York, NY: Nature Publishing Group, 2002, pp. 1137-1141. ISBN: 0333792610.
Trueswell, J. C., and M. K. Tanenhaus. "Toward a lexicalist framework of constraint based syntactic ambiguity resolution." In Perspectives in Sentence Processing. Edited by C. Clifton, L. Frazier, and K. Rayner. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1994, pp. 155-180. ISBN: 0805815821.
Gibson, E., and N. Pearlmutter. "Constraints on sentence comprehension." Trends in Cognitive Science 2 (1998): 262-268.
Tanenhaus, M., M. Spivey-Knowlton, K. Eberhard, and J. Sedivy. "Integration of visual and linguistic information in spoken language comprehension." Science 268 (1995): 1632-1634. |
7 |
Sentence Comprehension III |
Gibson, E. "The dependency locality theory: A distance-based theory of linguistic complexity." In Image, Language, Brain. Edited by Y. Miyashita, A. Marantz, and W. O'Neil. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000, pp. 95-126. ISBN: 0262133717.
Grodner, D., and E. Gibson. "Consequences of the serial nature of linguistic input." Cognitive Science 29 (2005): 261-291. |
8 |
Test 1 |
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9 |
Sentence Processing IV |
Chen, E., E. Gibson, and F. Wolf. "Online syntactic storage costs in sentence comprehension." Journal of Memory and Language 52 (2005): 144-169.
Hsiao, F., and E. Gibson. "Processing relative clauses in Chinese." Cognition 90 (2003): 3-27. |
10 |
Semantic and Pragmatic Processing |
Spivey-Knowlton, M., and M. K. Tanenhaus. "Referential context and syntactic ambiguity resolution." In Perspectives in Sentence Processing. Edited by C. Clifton, L. Frazier, and K. Rayner. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1994, pp. 415-439. ISBN: 0805815821.
Gibson, E., T. Desmet, D. Grodner, D. Watson, and K. Ko. "Reading relative clauses in English." Cognitive Linguistics 16, no. 2 (2005): 313-353. |
11 |
Sentence and Discourse Comprehension |
Grodner, D., E. Gibson, and D. Watson. "The influence of contextual contrast on syntactic processing: Evidence for strong-interaction in sentence comprehension." Cognition 95, no. 3 (April 2005): 275-96.
Sedivy, J. C., M. K. Tanenhaus, G. C. Chambers, and G. N. Carlson. "Achieving incremental semantic interpretation through contextual representation." Cognition 71 (1999): 109-147. |
12 |
Discourse Comprehension |
Jurafsky, D., and J. H. Martin. Speech and Language Processing. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2000, chapter 18. ISBN: 0130950696.
Wolf, F., E. Gibson, and Desmet. "Discourse coherence and pronoun resolution." Language and Cognitive Processes 19 (2004): 665-675.
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13 |
Neural Imaging and Language Processing |
Osterhout, L. "Event-related brain potentials as tools." In Perspectives in Sentence Processing. Edited by C. Clifton, L. Frazier, and K. Rayner. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1994, pp. 15-44. ISBN: 0805815821.
Kaan, E., A. Harris, E. Gibson, and P. Holcomb. "The P600 as an index of syntactic integration difficulty." Language and Cognitive Processes 15 (2000): 159-201. |
14 |
Neural Networks and Language Processing |
Elman, J. L. "Distributed representations, simple recurrent networks and grammatical structure." Machine Learning 7 (1991): 195-225. |
15 |
Test 2 |
|
16 |
Intonation |
Ferreira, F. "Prosody." In Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science. Edited by L. Nadel. New York, NY: Nature Publishing Group, 2002. ISBN: 0333792610.
Shattuck-Hufnagel, S., and A. Turk. "A prosody tutorial for investigators of auditory sentence processing." Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 25 (1996): 193-247.
Watson, D., and E. Gibson. "The relationship between intonational phrasing and syntactic structure in language production." Language and Cognitive Processes 19 (2004): 713-755. |
17 |
Speech |
Tartter, V. C. Language and Its Normal Processing. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1998, chapter 6. ISBN: 0803959958. |
18 |
Speech (cont.) |
Tartter, V. C. Language and Its Normal Processing. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1998, chapter 6. ISBN: 0803959958. |
19 |
Speech Perception and Production |
Tartter, V. C. Language and Its Normal Processing. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1998, chapter 7. ISBN: 0803959958. |
20 |
Words: Visual Word Recognition |
Whitney, P. The Psychology of Language. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1998, chapter 6. ISBN: 0395757509. |
21 |
Language Acquisition |
Gleitman, L. R., and E. L. Newport. "The invention of language by children: Environmental and biological influences on the acquisition of language." In Language. Edited by L. R. Gleitman, and M. Liberman. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995, pp. 1-24. ISBN: 0262650444.
Pinker, S. "Language acquisition." In Language. Edited by L. R. Gleitman, and M. Liberman. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995, pp. 135-183. ISBN: 0262650444. |
22 |
Language Production |
Fromkin, V. A., and N. B. Ratner. "Speech production." In Psycholinguistics. Edited by J. Berko Gleason, and N. B. Ratner. Fort Worth, Texas: Harcourt Brace, 1993. ISBN: 0155041061. |
23 |
Review Session |
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24 |
Test 3 |
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25 |
Language and Thought I
Guest Lecturer: Amy Perfors |
Whitney, P. The Psychology of Language. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1998, chapter 4. ISBN: 0395757509.
Boroditsky, L. "First-language thinking for second-language understanding: Mandarin and Chinese speakers' conception of time." Proceedings of the Twenty-first annual meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, Vancouver, BC, 1999. |
26 |
Language and Thought II
Guest Lecturer: Lauren Schmidt |
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