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Abstract/Syllabus:
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Ross, Caroline, 3.15 Electrical, Optical , Fall 2006. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Accessed 07 Jul, 2010). License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
Electrical, Optical & Magnetic Materials and Devices
Fall 2006
A three-dimensional simulation of current flow in a bipolar transistor. (Image courtesy of the National Coordination Office for Information Technology Research and Development.)
Course Highlights
This course features lecture notes, exams, and a complete set of problem sets in the assignments section.
Course Description
This course explores the relationships which exist between the performance of electrical, optical, and magnetic devices and the microstructural characteristics of the materials from which they are constructed. The class uses a device-motivated approach which emphasizes emerging technologies. Device applications of physical phenomena are considered, including electrical conductivity and doping, transistors, photodetectors and photovoltaics, luminescence, light emitting diodes, lasers, optical phenomena, photonics, ferromagnetism, and magnetoresistance.
*Some translations represent previous versions of courses.
Syllabus
Assignments
There are two exams during class hours, and one final exam. A term paper is due in November. There will be problem sets due most weeks except for exam and term paper weeks.
Grading
Grading criteria.
| ACTIVITIES |
PERCENTAGES |
| Exam 1 |
15% |
| Exam 2 |
15% |
| Paper |
30% |
| Final Exam |
30% |
| Problem Sets |
10% |
Students are encouraged to work in small groups (2-3 students) to complete the problem sets. Each student must work individually to complete the paper and exams.
ABET Educational Objectives and Outcomes
Instructional Objectives and Outcomes
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Analyze the behavior of carriers (electrons and holes) in semiconductors in terms of drift, diffusion and recombination/generation.
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Understand the meaning of energy levels in semiconductors, including the position of the fermi level at equilibrium and out of equilibrium.
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Describe the operation of a pn junction and apply this understanding to more complex situations (bipolar junction transistor, junction field effect transistor, solar cell, light emitting diode, laser diode, etc.)
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Understand the behavior of light in solids and how this can be incorporated into photonic devices, waveguides, optical fibers etc.
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Understand basic magnetic quantities (field, induction, and moment) and phenomena (e.g. induction) and apply to simple devices (D.C. motor, disk drive, and transformer).
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Demonstrate ability to select materials for device applications based on the desired optical, electrical or magnetic performance of the device.
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Demonstrate ability to research the literature and to summarize important findings in writing.
Strategies
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Lectures: 3 hours per week. Encouragement of classroom participation and discussion.
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Homework Assignment: Reading assignments to supplement lectures. Seven problem sets, at 1-2 week intervals, to practice application of concepts learned in lectures.
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Term Paper: Each student researches a particular device to determine how the desired device performance governs the choice of material and processing route. 8-10 page written report.
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Exams: Two during class time and one final exam, all closed book, to test understanding of concepts (rather than testing numerical problem solving).
Assessment Methods
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Portfolio Analysis: Graded problem sets form a record from which a quantitative assessment of mastery of concepts can be made. These constitute 10% of final grade.
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Examinations: Two during class time, approximately 1/3 and 2/3 of the way through the lecture schedule, to test mastery of the first and second third of the material (15% of grade each). Final exam (30% of grade) tests synthesis of concepts.
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Term Paper: (30% of final grade) assesses ability to research and summarize the literature and to apply materials selection criteria to electronic/optical/magnetic devices.
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Self Assessment: Students will complete an evaluation to assess how well the objectives and outcomes were satisfied.
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Instructor Assessment: Instructor will prepare memorandum that summarizes the success of the subject and outlines suggestions for improvement.
Calendar
Course calendar.
| LEC # |
TOPICS |
KEY DATES |
| 1 |
Overview
Carrier Fundamentals
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| 2 |
Drift and Diffusion of Carriers |
Problem set 1 out (Semiconductor Fundamentals) |
| 3 |
Recombination and Generation |
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| 4 |
PN Junction at Equilibrium |
Problem set 1 due
Problem set 2 out (PN Junctions)
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| 5 |
PN Junction Under Bias |
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| 6 |
PN Junction: Ideal Diode |
Problem set 2 due
Problem set 3 out (PN, Transistor, MOS)
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| 7 |
Bipolar Junction Transistor |
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| 8 |
FETs and MOS |
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Exam 1 (Up to Bipolar Transistor) |
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| 9 |
Photodetectors and Photovoltaics |
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| 10 |
Solar Cells |
Problem set 3 due
Problem set 4 out (Photodevices)
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| 11 |
LEDs |
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| 12 |
Lasers |
Problem set 4 due
Problem set 5 out (Lasers, LEDs)
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| 13 |
Heterostructure Lasers |
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| 14 |
Displays |
Problem set 5 due
Term paper topic due
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| 15 |
Optical Fibers |
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Exam 2 (Up to Displays) |
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| 16 |
Photonic Devices |
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| 17 |
Magnetic Fundamentals |
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| 18 |
Magnetic Materials |
Term paper due
Problem set 6 out (Magnetic Fundamentals)
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| 19 |
Soft Materials
Transformers
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| 20 |
Hard Materials
Permanent Magnets
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| 21 |
DC Motors |
Problem set 6 due
Problem set 7 out (Magnetic Devices)
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| 22 |
Magnetic Hard Disks and Tapes |
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| 23 |
Magnetooptics |
Problem set 7 due |
| 24 |
MRAMs, CDs and DVDs |
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| 25 |
Review |
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Final Exam |
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Further Reading:
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Readings
Required Texts
Pierret, R. F. Semiconductor Device Fundamentals. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN: 9780201543933.
This is similar to Volumes 1-4 of Modular Series of Solid State Devices listed below.
and
Jiles, D. Introduction to Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Chapman & Hall, 1998. ISBN: 9780412798603.
or
O'Handley, R. C. Modern Magnetic Materials. New York, NY: Wiley, 1999. ISBN: 9780471155669.
Other Texts
Mayer, J. W., and S. S. Lau. Electronic Materials Science: For Integrated Circuits in Si and GaAs. New York, NY: Prentice Hall, 1989. ISBN: 9780023781407.
Braithwaite, N., and G. Weaver. Electronic Materials. 2nd ed. Boston, MA: Butterworth, 1990. ISBN: 9780408028400.
Omar, M. Elementary Solid State Physics. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1975. ISBN: 9780201054828.
Jiles, D. Introduction to the Electronic Properties of Materials. New York, NY: Chapman and Hall, 1994. ISBN: 9780412495809.
Solymar, L., and D. Walsh. Electrical Properties of Materials. 6th ed. New York, NY: Oxford, 1998. ISBN: 9780198562726.
Cullity, B. Introduction to Magnetic Materials. Reading, MA. Addison-Wesley, 1972.
Neudeck, G. W., and R. F. Pierret, ed. Modular Series of Solid State Devices. Vols. 1-6. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1982. ISBN: 9780201052879.
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