| |
|
Abstract/Syllabus:
|
Schneider, Gerald, 9.52-B Topics in Brain and Cognitive Sciences Human Ethology, Spring 2001. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Accessed 08 Jul, 2010). License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
Monkeys studying humans studying monkeys. (Image by Prof. Gerald Schneider.)
Course Highlights
This undergraduate class presents human ethology for future researchers in the field, and is designed to be both broad and deep. While the course focuses primarily on humans, it explores the intersection of human ethology and animal behavior, because there are many similarities between the two disciplines. The extensive reading list draws on the seminal works in the field.
Course Description
Survey and special topics designed for students in Brain and Cognitive Sciences. Emphasizes ethological studies of natural behavior patterns and their analysis in laboratory work, with contributions from field biology (mammology, primatology), sociobiology, and comparative psychology. Stresses human behavior but also includes major contributions from studies of other animals.
Syllabus
Requirements
Required Readings
Paper: The final paper constitutes the majority of the grade for this course. All of the readings and interactions in this class are intended to help students focus their understanding of human ethology, and how it fits with their paper topics.
Overview of the Class: Session 1
Below is an outline for the first session. Please do the following:
-
Review the book list: How many of these authors/books have you read/seen/heard of? Which books which you own or have read would you add?
-
Review the topics list. We will not have time to deal with all of these topics; how we use our time will depend on both students' and instructor's interest. Additional or alternative suggestions are welcome.
-
Read the outline below, for discussion in the first two sessions.
A. How have we learned of Animals and their Behavior?
-
Pets.
-
Folklore. (Examples from students? The medieval beastiaries. Examples from R. Hendrikson, More Cunning Than Man: A Social History of Rats and Men, Dorset Press, N.Y., 1983.)
-
Human oriented studies and practices: mostly uses of animals. (Economics and meat industry; sports; hunting; some religions.)
-
Cf. sciences: mostly uses as well! (Biology; comparative psychology; pharmacology; toxicology; neuroscience)
-
Humane society; "Animal rights" movement: human oriented in a different way. Anthropomorphism recognition and feelings ("anthropomentism", "anthropaffectism"). Regard for apparent (subjectively assessed) consciousness, in humans and other animals.
-
Contrasting attitudes in different religions. The extremes of Judaism/Christianity, and Jainism. (Other examples?)
-
Arguably better: basic science approach -- both descriptive and experimental, and with the perspective of evolution.
B. Topics List (Handout):
-
Rationale.
-
Levels of treatment? (Ask re backgrounds.)
-
Time needed!
-
Special topics seminar level vs. undergraduate survey level.
C. Readings:
-
List of books for selected readings (handout): Note relative importance.
-
Amount? approx. 10-20 pp/hr x 9 hr = 90-180 pp/wk.
-
Approach: Read for key concepts and their illustration in actual examples. (I pay for animal stories!)
-
(Story: How we paid M. Murphy for hamster genes.)
-
Assignment for next session: Selections from K. Lorenz, The Foundations of Ethology, pp. 1-12, 28-32, 46-64, (72-89), 89-93, (93-99), 100-103, 107-152. Cf. his stories (extra credit): King Solomon's Ring, The Year of the Greylag Goose. Cf. N. Tinbergen's Curious Naturalists.
D. Session Plan:
-
Lecture/discussion of key concepts in readings (required).
-
Student presentations of papers or small topic areas. (Today: you tell me what you already know about animals, and how you learned it.)
E. Requirements:
-
The readings and short presentations.
-
Project paper and presentation at end of term. (Discuss your chosen topic with G. S.)
-
For session 1: Read the story: "Four hours in the life of a Syrian hamster", with commentary.
F. Approaches to the study of animal behavior:
-
Focus on the Individual Organism
-
"Comparative Psychology" in America: The real focus was/is on man.
Notes on non-biological comparisons, "homologies", "phylogenetic scale".
-
"Ethology"; some people now prefer "behavioral ecology".
-
Definition by K. Lorenz: see The Foundations of Ethology, p. 1, 3, 65, 101.
-
Whitman and Heinroth.
Stories from Lorenz: p. 100, 107.
-
Cf. Charles Darwin
Illustrations from his book.
-
"Human ethology" of Eibl-Eibesfeldt (see K. L., pp. 10-11).
The "body language" craze.
-
"Neuroethology"-- an approach that goes two ways:
-
Ethology informs brain & behavior studies.
-
Brain manipulation effects --> new info. on behavioral organization.
Examples: multiple kinds of aggression; evidence of primitive vs. advanced behavioral elements (spinal/brainstem vs. forebrain localization).
-
Focus on Societies
-
"Sociobiology": E. O. Wilson's definition and diagram: See Sociobiology, The Abridged Edition, pp. 3-5.
-
Cf. human sociology. Notes from E. O. Wilson, Ibid., p. 4.
-
Focus on Habitat and the Species it Supports, and Interactions ("Balance")
-
"Ecology": E.g., Tropical rainforest (see Tropical Nature, by A. Forsyth and K. Miyata ), Tropical savannah, etc.
-
The problem of breadth: Knowing too little about everything. Hence, people often think of ecology as focused on conservation. But there are good examples of ecology as a science that includes animal behavior: See Bourliere's book.
-
When the behavior of animals becomes critical: "Upsetting the balance of nature." Examples: African elephants and the acacia trees. Man's hunting, pollution effects, pleasures that encourage poaching. "Killer" bees. etc.
-
Focus on Single Species or Groups of Species in a Broad Way that Includes Ecology and Behavior.
-
"Mammology". Note Bourliere's books, one older, one recent. Note contents; examples.
-
"Primatology", "cetology", "entymology", etc.
-
The amateur "naturalists": The disciplined hobbyist's contributions. (Cf. astronomy.) Details, when amassed, have been important in the development of ideas about behavioral evolution.
See Lorenz's comments about the contributions of amateur ornithologists -- bird watchers -- to early ethology. Also, Jim Corbett's stories (Jungle Lore, Oxford Univ. Press, 1953): Examples from the life of a hunter who cared about animals.
Calendar
| |
|
|
| |
LEC # |
|
|
|
TOPICS |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
1 |
|
|
|
Introduction
Organization, Readings, Projects
Approaches to the Study of Humans and Their Behavior |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
2 |
|
|
|
Classics, Key Concepts in Ethology |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
3 |
|
|
|
Key Concepts in Sociobiology |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
4 |
|
|
|
Key Concepts in Learning |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
5 |
|
|
|
Social Status and Cross-cultural Differences |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
6 |
|
|
|
Persuasion: Advertising, Politics |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
7 |
|
|
|
Self--Individual, Social, Other Adaptations |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
8 |
|
|
|
Sexuality
Dimorphisms in Body and Behavior, Social Organization, Dominance Structures, Evolution of Sexual Signals, Emancipation from Original Uses |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
9 |
|
|
|
Mating and Reproduction |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
10 |
|
|
|
Emotion and Facial Expression |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
11 |
|
|
|
General Non-verbal Communication |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
12 |
|
|
|
Social vs. Solitary, Specialized vs. Generalized/Non-specialized |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
13 |
|
|
|
Sex Differences |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
14 |
|
|
|
Computer Simulation of Behavior |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
15 |
|
|
|
Machine Interfaces |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
16 |
|
|
|
Art, Music and Dance |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
17 |
|
|
|
Human Ethology in Clinical and Laboratory Research |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
18 |
|
|
|
Cognitive Ethology/Comparative Cognition |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
19 |
|
|
|
Signs and Symbols |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
20 |
|
|
|
Behavioral Modification: Pharmacology and Toxicology |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
21 |
|
|
|
Project Reports |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Further Reading:
|
Readings
The readings listed below are the foundation of this course. Where available, journal article abstracts from PubMed (an online database providing access to citations from biomedical literature) are included.
Textbook
Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I. Human Ethology. N.Y.: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1989.
Supplementary Readings For Class Reports, Discussion And Term Papers
Additional General Texts and Treatises
Darwin, C. The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press, Phoenix Books, 1965, orig. 1872.
Lorenz, K. Z. The Foundations of Ethology. N.Y.: Springer, 1981.
Gallistel, C. R. The Organization of Action: A New Synthesis. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1980.
Wickler, W. The Sexual Code: The Social Behavior of Animals and Men. Translated by F. Garvie. Garden City: Doubleday, Anchor Press, 1973.
Wilson, E. O. Sociobiology, the Abridged Edition. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard Univ. Press, 1980.
Maxwell, M., ed. The Sociobiological Imagination. Albany: SUNY Press, 1991.
Barash, D. P. Sociobiology and Behavior. 2nd ed. N.Y.: Elsevier, 1982.
Cockburn, A. An Introduction to Evolutionary Ecology. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd., 1991.
Krebs, J. R., and N. B. Davies, eds. Behavioural Ecology, an Evolutionary Approach. 4th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd., 1997.
Brown, L., and J. F. Downhower. Analyses in Behavioral Ecology: A Manual for Lab and Field. Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Assoc., 1988.
Alcock, J. Animal Behavior: An Evolutionary Approach. 5th ed. Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Assoc., 1993.
Drickamer, L. C., S. H. Vessey, and D. Meikle. Animal Behavior: Mechanisms, Ecology and Evolution. 3rd ed. Dubuque, Iowa: Wm. C. Brown, 1996.
Dewsbury, D. A., ed. Contemporary Issues in Comparative Psychology. Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Assoc., 1989.
Gallistel, C. R. The Organization of Learning. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press (Bradford Book), 1990.
Roitblat, H. L. Introduction to Comparative Cognition. N.Y.: W. H. Freeman & Co., 1987.
Ristau, C. A., and P. Marler, eds. Cognitive Ethology: The Minds of Other Animals. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1990.
Griffin, D. R. Animal Thinking. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1984.
Gallistel, C. R., ed. Animal Cognition. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1992. (From Cognition 37, 1-2 (1990)).
Hediger, H. Wild Animals in Captivity. N.Y.: Dover, 1964.
———. Man and Animal in the Zoo. Translated by G. Vevers and W. Reade. N.Y.: Delacorte Press, 1969.
Morris, Desmond. Manwatching: A Field Guide to Human Behavior. (LJM)
Marsh, Peter. Eye to Eye: How People Interact. 1988. (HM132.E98.1988)
Morris, Desmond, et al. Gestures. 1979. (BF 591.647 1979).
Davitz. The Communication of Emotional Meaning. 1964. (BF 591.B36).
Morris, Desmond. Babywatching. 1991. (LJM)
Omark, Donald F., F. Strayer, and Daniel G. Freedman. Dominance Relation: An Ethological View of Human Conflict and Social Interaction. (HM106 .D65)
Archer, John. Ethology and Human Development. (BF713 .A8 1992)
Hinde, Robert A. Individuals, Relationships & Culture: Links Between Ethology and the Social Sciences. (HM106 .H55 1987)
The Human Animal. Multimedia Entertainment. (MEDIA VIDEO BF199 .H85 1991) [Video recording]
Konner, M. The Tangled Wing: Biological Constraints on the Human Spirit. N.Y.: Harper & Row (Harper Colophon Books), 1982, 1990.
Additional, More Specialized Books and Articles
Advances in the Study of Behavior. Vol. 1-18 (1965-1988), N.Y.: Academic Press.
Hrdy, S. B. The Langurs of Abu: Female and Male Strategies of Reproduction. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1977.
Strum, S. C. Almost Human: A Journey into the World of Baboons. N.Y.: W.W. Norton, 1987.
Byrne, R. W., and A. Whiten. Machiavellian Intelligence: Social Expertise and the Evolution of Intellect in Monkeys, Apes, and Humans. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988.
Cheney, D. L., and R. M. Seyfarth. How Monkeys See the World: Inside the Mind of Another Species. Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press, 1990.
Fossey, D. Gorillas in the Mist. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1983.
Goodall, J. The Chimpanzees of Gombe: Patterns of Behavior. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard Univ. Press, 1986.
Wrangham, R. W., W. C. McGrew, F. B. M. de Waal, and P. G. Heltne, eds. Chimpanzee Cultures. Harvard Univ. Press, 1994.
Moore, Jim. "Female Transfer in Primates." International Journal of Primatology 5, 6 (1984): 537-589.
Crawford, Charles, and Dennis L. Krebs. Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology: Ideas, Issues, and Applications. (BF57 .H36 1998)
Bekoff, Marc. "Cognitive Ethology and the Explanation of Nonhuman Animal Behavior." 1995.
———. "Cognitive Ethology, Vigilance, Information Gathering, and Representation: Who Might Know What and Why? " Behavioral Processes 35 (1996): 225-237.
Bekoff, M., and C. Allen. "Cognitive Ethology: Slayers, Skeptics, and Proponents." In Anthropomorphism, Anecdotes, and Animals: The Emperor's New Clothes? Albany, New York: SUNY Press, 1997, pp. 313-334.
Bekoff, Marc. "Cognitive Ethology: The Comparative Study of Animal Minds." In Blackwell Companion to Cognitive Science. Blackwell Publishers, 1995.
Bekoff, Marc. "Deep Ethology." In Intimate Relationships, Embracing the Natural World.Kosmos, (1997).
Bekoff, Marc, and Colin Allen. "Intentional Communication and Social Play: How and Why Animals Negotiate and Agree to Play." In Animal Play: Evolutionary, Comparative, and Ecological Perspectives. Cambridge University Press, 1997.
Bekoff, Marc. "Playing with Play What Can We Learn About Cognition, Negotiation, and Evolution?." In The Evolution of Mind. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Dittrich, Winand. "Is the Monkeys' World Scientifically Impenetrable?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences15 (1992): 152.
Oliphant, Michael. "Rethinking the Language Bottleneck: Why don't Animals Learn to Communicate?" 1988.
Suddendorf, Thomas. "Simpler for Evolution: Secondary Representation in Apes, Children, and Ancestors." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21 (1998): 131.
Moore, Jim. "Sociobiology and Incest Avoidance: A Critical Look at a Critical Review." American Anthropologist 94 (1992): 929-932
Moore, Jim. "The Evolution of Reciprocal Sharing." Ethology and Sociobiology 5 (1984): 5-14.
SPECIAL TOPICS
Cross-Cultural Differences or Their Absences
Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I. Human Ethology. N.Y.: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1989.
Hall, Edward T. The Hidden Dimension. 1966. (BF469.H3)
———. The Silent Language. 1981. (HM258.H245 1990)
"The Translator." Science. July/Aug. 1985. (SJU Holdings)
Stewart, Edward C. American Cultural Patterns: A Cross-cultural Perspective. (E169.1 .S836 1991)
Philips, Susan Urmston. The Invisible Culture: Communication in Classroom and Community on the Warm Springs Indian Reservation. (E97.65.O7 P45 1983)
General Non-Verbal Communication
Lewis, Michael. The Effect of the Infant on its Caregiver. Edited by Michael Lewis and Leonard A. Rosenblum. New York: Wiley, 1974. SJU (HQ774 .L45).
Weitz, Shirley, ed. Nonverbal Communication. 1979. (BF 637.C45 W38 1979).
Siegman, Aron W., and Fieldstein, eds. Nonverbal Behavior and Communication. 1978. (BF 637.C43 N62).
Argyle, Michael. Bodily Communication. 1988. (BF 637.C45 A73 1988).
Kendon, Adam, Harris, and Key. Organization of Behavior in Face-to-Face Interaction. 1975. (BF 637.C45 O73).
Hinde, R. A., ed. Nonverbal Communication. 1972. (BF 637.C45 N65).
Knapp, Mark R. Nonverbal Communication in Human Interaction. (BF 637.C45 K57 1978).
Duncan, Starkey Jr., and Fiske. Face-to-Face Interaction: Research Methods, and Theory. 1977. (BF 637.C45 D86).
Szasz, Suzanne. The Body Language of Children. (BF723.C57 S92 1978)
Davis, Martha. Body Movement and Nonverbal Communication: An Annotated Bibliography. 1971-1981. (BF295 .Z943 1982)
Feldman, Robert, ed. Development of Nonverbal Behavior in Children. N.Y.: Springer-Verlag. 1982. (BF723.C57 D47 1982)
Axtell, Roger E. Gestures: The Do's and Taboos of Body Language around the World. (BF637.N66 A88 1998)
Knapp, Mark L., and R. Gerald. Miller Handbook of Interpersonal Communication. (BF637.C45 H287 1994)
Portch, Stephen R. Literature's Silent Language: Nonverbal Communication. (PS374.N65 P67 1985)
Spiegel, John Paul. Messages of the Body. (BF637.C45 S66)
Moroni, Giancarlo. My Hands Held Out to You: The Use of Body and Hands in Prayer. (BV215 .M6713 1992)
Eisenberg, Abne M. Nonverbal Communication. (P90 .E35)
Ruesch, Jurgen. Nonverbal Communication; Notes on the Visual Perception of Human Relation. (P90 .R8 1966)
Key, Mary Ritchie. Nonverbal Communication: A Research Guide & Bibliography. (REFERENCE P99.5 .K4)
Cooper, Ken. Nonverbal Communication for Business Success. (HF5386 .C78)
Papousek, Hanus, and Uwe Jurgens, Mechthild Papousek. Nonverbal Vocal Communication: Comparative and Developmental Approaches. (BF723.C57 N66 1992)
Segerstrale, Ullica, and Peter Molnar. Nonverbal Communication: Where Nature Meets Culture. (SJU BF637.N66 N66 1997)
Hoggart, Richard. On Culture and Communication. (P90 .H65 1972)
Key, Mary Ritchie. Paralanguage and Kinesics: (Nonverbal Communication), with a Bibliography. (BF637.C45 K48)
Jones, Stanley E. The Right Touch: Understanding and Using the Language of Physical Contact. (BF275 .J66 1994)
Rosenthal, Robert, et al. Sensitivity to Nonverbal Communication: The PONS Test. (BF637.C45 S43)
La Russo, Dominic A. The Shadows of Communication: Nonverbal Dimensions. (P99.5 .L3)
Leathers, Dale G. Successful Nonverbal Communication: Principles and Applications. (BF637.C45 L435 1986)
Josipovici, Gabriel. Touch. (P99.5 .J67 1996)
Szasz, Suzanne. The Unspoken Language of Children. (BF723.C57 S92 1980)
A World of Gestures: Culture & Nonverbal Communication. Created & produced by Dane Archer. Directed by Jon Silver. (VIDEOTAPE CASSETTE P117 .W67 1991) [Video recording]
Sebeok, Thomas A., and Alfred S. Hayes. Mary Catherine Bateson. Approaches to Semiotics: Cultural Anthropology, Education, Linguistics, Psychiatry, Psychology; Transactions. Indiana University Conference on Paralinguistics and Kinesics, 1962. (P87 .I5 1972)
Nespoulous, Jean-Luc, Paul Perron, and Andre Roch Lecours. The Biological Foundations of Gestures: Motor and Semiotic Aspects. (QP360 .B563 1986)
Fast, Julius. Body language. (BF637.C45 F35)
Scheflen, Albert E. Body Language and the Social Order: Communication as Behavioral Control. (BF45.C45 S34 1973)
Birdwhistell, Ray L. 1918- Kinesics and Context: Essays on Body Motion Communication. (BF637.C45 B57)
Spiegel, John Paul. Messages of the Body. (BF637.C45 S66)
Key, Mary Ritchie. Paralanguage and Kinesics: (Nonverbal Communication), with a Bibliography. (BF637.C45 K48)
Enquist, Magnus, and Stefano Ghirlanda. "The Secrets of Faces." In Nature. 1998, pp. 394.
Ruesch, Jurgen. Nonverbal Communication; Notes on the Visual Perception of Human Relations. 1909. (400 R84 n)
Paralinguistics
Communication by Voice and Action. Presented by Centron Films. (MEDIA VIDEO P99.5 .C67) [Video recording]
The Human Voice: Exploring Vocal Paralanguage. Created and Produced by Dane Archer. Directed and Produced by Jon Silver. (MEDIA VIDEO P90 .H85 1993) [Video recording]
Cooper, Morton. Change Your Voice, Change Your Life. 1984. (PN 4162.C65)
Hanley, Theodore, and Thurman. Developing Vocal Skills. 1970. (PN 4162.H33)
Bronstein, and Jacoby. Your Speech and Voice. 1967. (PN 4121.B722)
Pittam, J., and K. R. Scherer. "Vocal Expression and Communication of Emotion." In Handbook of Emotions. Edited by Michael Lewis and Jeannette M. Haviland. New York: Guilford Press, c1993. (CSB BF561 .H35 1993)
Scherer, K. R. "Vocal Affect Signaling: A Comparative Approach." In Advances in the Study of Behavior. Vol. 15. Pp. 189-244. (SJU QL750 .A38)
Emotion and Facial Expression
Russell, James. The Psychology of Facial Expressions. 1997. (BF592.F33 P78 1997)
Buck, Ross. The Communication of Emotion. (BF531 .B78 1984)
The Human Face: Emotions, Identities and Masks. Created and Produced by Dane Archer. (MEDIA VIDEO BF851 .H85 1996) [Video recording]
Plutchik, Robert. Emotion: A Psychoevolutionary Synthesis. 1980. (LJM)
Scherer, Klaus R. Facets of Emotion. 1988. (BF531.F33 1988)
Landau, Terry. About Faces. 1989. (GN64.L26.1989)
Matthews, Michael L. "Discrimination of Identikit Construction of Faces. Evidence for a Dual Processing Strategy." Perception and Psychophysics 23, 2 (1978): 153-161. (SJU)
Clark, Margret S. Emotion. (BF511 .C53 1992)
Malatesta, Carol Z. "The Development of Emotion Expression During the First Two Years of Life," with Commentary by Alan Fogel and Mark Reimers, Gail Zivin, and a Reply by the Authors. (LB1103 .S6 v.54 no.1-2)
Ekman, Paul. Emotion in the Human Face: Guide-lines for Research and an Itegration of Findings. (BF561 .E45 1972)
Anderson, Peter A., and Laura K. Guerrero. Handbook of Communication and Emotion: Research, Theory, Applications, and Contexts. (BF637.C45 H283 1998)
Davitz, Joel Robert. The Language of Emotion.(BF591 .D364)
Sex Differences
Mealey, L. Sex Differences: Development and Evolutionary Strategies. Academic Press, 2000.
Campbell, Anne. The Opposite Sex. 1989. (BF692.2.O77 1989)
Henley, Nancy. Body Politics: Power, Sex, and Nonverbal Communication. (BF637.C45 H44)
McGee, Mark G. Human Spatial Abilities: Sources of Sex Differences. (BF469 .M3)
Ghesuiere, J., R. D. Martin, and F. Newcom. Human Sexual Dimorphism. (QP251 H846 1985)
The Human Sexes. Partridge Films; The Learning Channel, a Discovery Network. (VIDEOTAPE CASSETTE HQ1075 .M68 1997) [Video recording]
Geary, David C. Male, Female: The Evolution of Human Sex Differences. (QP81.5 .G43 1998)
Dennen, J. M. G. van der. The Nature of the Sexes: The Sociobiology of Sex Differences and the "Battle of the Sexes". (BF692.2 .N38 1992)
Hall, Judith A. Nonverbal Sex Differences: Communication Accuracy and Expressive Style. (BF637.C45 H28 1984)
Mayo, Clara, and Nancy M. Henley. Gender and Nonverbal Behavior. (BF637.C45 G45)
Tannen, Deborah. Gender and Discourse. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. (CSB P120.S48 T36 1994)
———. Talking from 9 To 5: How Women's and Men's Conversational Styles Affect Who Gets Heard, Who Gets Credit, and What Gets Done at Work. New York: W. Morrow, c1994. (CSB HF5718 .T36 1994)
———. You Just Don't Understand: Women and Men in Conversation. New York: Morrow, c1990. (CSB & SJU HQ734 .T24 1990)
Moore, Jim. "Book Review of The Egalitarians -- Human and Chimpanzee_ by Margaret Power." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 88 (1992): 259-262.
Bekoff, Marc. "Deep Ethology." In Intimate Relationships, Embracing the Natural World. Kosmos, (1997).
Cotnoir, Pierre-Alain, Jacques P. Beaugrand, and Claude Goulet. "DES DIFFÉRENCES LIÉES AU SEXE DANS LES STRATÉGIES DE RÉPARTITION SPATIALE CHEZ DES POISSONS PORTE-ÉPÉE (XIPHOPHORUS HELLERI) MAINTENUS EN CAPTIVITÉ." Naturaliste Canadien (Rev. Écol. Syst.) 113 (1986): 257-262.
Muscarella, Frank, Bernhard Fink, Karl Grammer, and Michael Kirk-Smith. "Homosexual Orientation in Males: Evolutionary and Ethological Aspects." Neiroendocrinology Letters 22,6 (2001): 393-400.
PubMed abstract: Evolutionary theory proposes that adaptive traits are reproduced more successfully than maladaptive traits. Accordingly, natural selection should favor heterosexuality as it facilitates reproduction and the propagation of genes. However, the question becomes, what has maintained homosexuality in a small but consistent percentage of the human population? Research into the evolutionary and hormonal factors associated with a homosexual orientation have yielded provocative but inconsistent results. It also suggests that human sexual orientation, and in particular homosexual orientation, is too complex to be described by one simple model or a single research discipline. The current paper treads a new path and emphasizes an integrative approach for the understanding of homosexuality. The authors examine the combined effects of evolutionary factors and neurohormonal processes on the development of a homosexual orientation. It is suggested that research into the topic could benefit from an examination of and change in some of the assumptions upon which much past research has been based.
Beaugrand, Jacques P. Modèles de dominance et théorie de l'évolution. In Darwin Après Darwin, Québec: PUQ. Edited by Joseph Lévy and Henri É. Cohen. 1983, pp. 110-137. Presses de l'Université du Québec (PUQ).
Snyder, Peter J., James D. Weinrich, and Richard C. Pillard. "Personality and Lipid Level Differences Associated with Homosexual and Bisexual Identity in Men." Archives of Sexual Behavior 23 (1994): 433-451.
PubMed abstract: Self-identified homosexual (n = 30), bisexual (n = 29), and heterosexual (n = 31) men were compared on measures of gender-typical behavior, sex role, ego strength, and lipid levels. Homosexual men differed significantly from the heterosexual men on the gender-typical behavior and feminine sex-role measure (both in adulthood and in childhood), and several trends and significant differences were found on the biochemical measures of lipid levels (especially when 7 obese men were removed from the analyses). As a rule, the bisexual men were different from the heterosexual men on the above measures, but were indistinguishable from the homosexual men. Bisexuals differed from both of the other two groups, however, by scoring lower on the ego strength scale and by reporting themselves to be more often troubled, lonely, and depressed. We caution that the lipid analyses were made on single blood samples and require an extended replication; however, we report the data because of their possible theoretical interest and because they replicate work of 20 years ago.
Pheromones
Stoddart, Micahel P. The Scented Ape. 1990. (QP458.S77 1990)
Corbin, Alan. The Foul and the Fragrant. 1986. (GT 2847.C6713 1986)
Engen, Trygg. Odor Sensation and Memory. 1991. (QP 458.E52 1991)
Shorey, Harry. Animal Communication by Pheromones. (QL776 .S54)
Short, R. V., and E. Balaban. The Differences Between the Sexes. (QP81.5 .D54 1994)
Stoddart, David Michael. Mammalian Odours and Pheromones. (QL739.2 .S8)
Kohl, James V., Michaela Atzmueller, Bernhard Fink, and Karl Grammer. "Human Pheromones: Integrating Neuroendocrinology and Ethology." Neuroendocrinology Letters 22, 5 (2001): 309-321.
PubMed abstract: The effect of sensory input on hormones is essential to any explanation of mammalian behavior, including aspects of physical attraction. The chemical signals we send have direct and developmental effects on hormone levels in other people. Since we don t know either if, or how, visual cues might have direct and developmental effects on hormone levels in other people, the biological basis for the development of visually perceived human physical attraction is currently somewhat questionable. In contrast, the biological basis for the development of physical attraction based on chemical signals is well detailed.
Clothing
Ewing. Dress and Undress. 1978. (GT 2073.E89)
Kohler, Carl. A History of Costume. 1963. (GT 510.K6)
Mansfield, Alan. Ceremonial Costume. 1980. (GT 1755.G7 M36)
Ryan, Mary. Clothing: A Study In Human Behavior. 1966. (GT 521.R9)
Hope, Thomas. Costumes of the Greeks. 1962. (GT 595.H6)
Latzke, Alpha, and Helen Hostetter. The Wide World of Clothing. 1968. (TT 507 L32)
Boehn, Max V. Ornaments. 1970. (GT 2050 B613)
Hartley, A. Medieval Costume and Life. 1931. (GT 732.H3)
Roach, Mary Ellen, and Joanne Eicher. The Visible Self: Perspectives on Dress. 1973. (GT 521 R57)
Horn, Marilyn. The Second Skin. 1968. (GT 521 H67)
DeMarly, Diana. Fashion for Men. 1985. (GT 1710.D3)
Bell, Quentin. On Human Finery. 1976. (GT 521.B4)
Warwick, Pitz, and Wychoff. Early American Dress. 1965. (GT 605.H64 v.2)
Hanson, H. H. Costumes and Styles. 1956. (GT 510.H33)
O'Hara, Georgina. The Encyclopedia of Fashion. 1986. (GT 507.O53)
Laver, James. Dress. 1966. (GT 580.L28)
Gorsline, Douglas. What People Wore. 1974. (GT 513.G6)
Wilcox, R. Turner. The Mode in Costume. 1958. (GT 510.W55)
Peacock, John. Costume: 1066-1966. 1986. (GT 730.P43)
Squire, Geoffrey. Dress in Society: 1560-1970. 1974. (GT 720.S6)
Scott, Steven. Why Do They Dress That Way? 1986. (BX 4950.S35)
Davis, Fred. Fashion, Culture, and Identity. 1992. (GT 525.D38 1992)
Brown, Percy Clement. (1886). Art in Dress. 1922. (TT515 .B88 1993)
Tarlo, Emma. Clothing Matters: Dress and Identity in India. (GT1460 .T37 1996)
Hotchkiss, Valerie R. Clothes Make the Man: Female Cross Dressing in Medieval Europe. 1960. (HQ77 .H67 1996)
Hall, Lee. Common Threads: A Parade of American Clothing. (GT605 .H35 1992)
Roche, Daniel. The Culture of Clothing: Dress and Fashion in the "Ancien Regime". (GT857 .R6313 1994)
Hines, Dick. Dressing for Worship: A Fresh Look at What Christians Wear in Church. (BX5141.A1 G75 no.138)
Boscagli, Maurizia. Eye on the Flesh: Fashions of Masculinity in the Early Twentieth Century. (GT720 .B67 1996)
Perrot, Philippe. Fashioning the Bourgeoisie: A History of Clothing in the Nineteenth Century. (GT871 .P3913 1994)
Kirkham, Pat. The Gendered Objects. (BF692.2 G466 1996)
Chenoune, Farid. A History of Men's Fashion. (GT1710 .C44 1993)
"Manual on school Uniforms." (GOVERNMENT DOCUMENT ED 1.2:97031091) (Electronic Resource)
Harvey, John Robert. Men in Black. (PR149.C67 H37 1995)
Peacock, John. Men's Fashion: The Complete Sourcebook. 1943. (GT1710 .P43 1996)
Buzzaccarini, Vittoria de. Men's Coats. (OVERSIZE GT2079 .B89 1994)
Costantino, Maria. Men's Fashion in the Twentieth Century: From Frock Coats to Intelligent Fibres. (GT1710 .C67 1997)
Police Body Armor Standards and Testing. Washington, D.C.: Congress of the U.S., Office of Technology Assessment. (GOVERNMENT DOCUMENT Y 3.T 22/2:2 P 75/2/v.1-)
Police Body Armor: Consumer Product List. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs. (GOVERNMENT DOCUMENT J 28.2:P 75/13)
Arthur, Linda B. Religion, Dress, and the Body. (GT525 .R44 1999)
Hollander, Anne. Sex and Suits. (GT525 .H65 1994)
Molloy, John T. The Woman's Dress for Success Book. 1977. (TX 340.M59)
Furstenberg, Egon von. The Power Look. 1978. (TT 507.V65)
Thourlby, William. You Are What You Wear. 1978. (TT 507.T47)
Wallach, Janet. Looks That Work. 1986. (TT 507.W2169 1986)
Hix, Charles. Dressing Right. 1978. (TT 618.H58)
Machine Interfaces
Argyle, M., and M. Cook. Gaze and Mutual Gaze. England: Cambridge University Press, 1976.
Argyle, M., L. Lefebvre, and M. Cook. "The Meaning of Five Patterns of Gaze." European Journal of Social Psychology 4, 2 (1974): 125-136.
Bolt, R. A. "Conversing With Computers." Technology Review, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, Feb./Mar. 1985.
———. "The Integrated Multimodal Interface." The Transactions of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers (Japan) J79-D, 11 (Nov. 1987): 2017-2025.
Effron, D. Gesture, Race and Culture. The Hague: Mouton, 1941/1972.
Ekman, P. "About Brows: Emotional and Conversational Signals." In Human Ethology. Edited by M. Von Cranach, K. Foppa, W. Lepenies and D. Ploog. 1979, pp. 169-249.
Ekman, P., and W. Friesen. "The Repertoire of Non-Verbal Behavior: Categories, Origins, Usage, and Coding." Semiotica 1 (1969): 49-98.
Goodwin, C. "Gestures as a Resource for the Organization of Mutual Orientation." Semiotica 62, 1/2 (1986): 29-49.
———. Conversational Organization: Interaction between Speakers and Hearers. New York, N.Y.: Academic Press, 1981.
Kahneman, D. Attention and Effort. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc., 1973.
Kleinke, C. "Gaze and Eye Contact: A Research Review." Psychological Bulletin 100, 1 (1986): 78-100.
Koons, D. B., C. J. Sparrell, and K. R. Thórisson. "Integrating Simultaneous Input from Speech, Gaze and Hand Gestures." Chap. 11 in Intelligent Multi-Media Interfaces. Edited by M. T. Maybury. Cambridge, MA: AAAI Press/MIT Press, 1993, pp. 252-276.
Laurel, B. "Interface Agents: Metaphors with Character." In The Art of Human-Computer Interface Design. Edited by B. Laurel. 1990, pp. 355-365.
Lord, C., and M. M. Haith. "The Perception of Eye Contact." Perception & Psychophysics 16, 3 (1974): 413-16. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.
McNeill, D. Hand and Mind: What Gestures Reveal about Thought. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1992. Nespolous, J-L & Lecours, A. R. (1986).
Pierrehumbert, J., and J. Hirschberg. "The Meaning of Intonational Contours in the Interpretation of Discourse." In Intentions in Communication. Edited by P. R. Cohen, J. Morgan and M. E. Pollack. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1990.
Rimé, B., and L. Schiaratura. "Gesture and Speech." In Fundamentals of Nonverbal Behavior. Edited by R. S. Feldman and B. Rimé. New York Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, 1991, pp. 239-281.
Computer Simulations of Behavior
Maes, P., ed. Designing Autonomous Agents: Theory and Practice from Biology to Engineering and Back. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Elsevier, 1990.
Mayer, J. A., and S. Wilson, eds. From Animals to Animats. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1991.
Nii, P. "Blackboard Systems." In The Handbook of Artificial Intelligence. Edited by A. Barr, P. R. Cohen and E. A. Feigenbaum. Vol. 4, Reading MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1989, pp. 1-74.
Selfridge, O. G. "Pandemonium: A Paradigm for learning." In Proceedings of the Symposium on the Mechanization of Thought Processes. 1959, pp. 511-529.
Computational learning theory and natural learning systems. Editors: Hanson SJ, Drastal GA, Rivest RL. MIT Press 1994-1997 (Bradford Books).
v.1: Constraints and prospects.
v.2: Intersections between theory and experiment. (additional editors: Petsche T, Kearns M)
v.3: Selecting good models. (editors: Petsche T, Hanson SJ & Shavlik JW)
v.4: Making learning systems practical. (ed.: Greiner R)
Neal RM., Bayesian learning for neural networks. New York: Springer, 1996. (Lecture notes in statistics, v. 118), 183 pp.
Brooks, R. 1986. A Robust Layered Control System for a Mobile Robot. IEEE Journal of Robotics and Automation, RA-2 (1): 14-23.
Yoon, S.-Y., Blumberg, B. M. and Schneider, G. E. 2000. Motivation Driven Learning for Interactive Synthetic Characters. In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Autonomous Agents. New York, NY.: ACM Press. Forthcoming.
Song-Yee Yoon, Robert C. Burke, Bruce M. Blumberg, Gerald E. Schneider. Interactive Training for Synthetic Characters (2000)
Proceedings AAAI/IAAI, pp. 249-254.
B. Blumberg (1996) Old tricks, new dogs: Ethology and interactive creatures. Ph.D. thesis in Media Arts and Sciences, M.I.T., Cambridge, MA.
B. Blumberg, P. Todd and P. Maes (1996) No bad dogs: Ethological lessons for learning. In: From Animals to Animats, Proc. Fourth Intenational Conf on the Simulation of Adaptive Behavior. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
B. Blumberg (1994) Action-selection in hamsterdam: Lessons from ethology. In: From Animals to Animats, Proc. Third International Conf on the Simulation of Adaptive Behavior. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
C. Kline and B. Blumberg (1999) The art and science of synthetic character design. In: Proc. AISB 1999 Symposium on AI and Creativity in Entertainment and Visual Art, Edinburgh, Scotland.
Humphrys, Mark. "Action Selection in a Hypothetical House Robot: Using those RL Numbers." In Proceedings Proceedings of the First International ICSC Symposia on Intelligent Industrial Automation (IIA-96) and Soft Computing. Edited by Peter G. Anderson and Kevin Warwick. Reading, England, 1996, pp. 216-222.
———. "Action Selection Methods using Reinforcement Learning." In Proceedings from Animals to Animats 4: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior. Edited by Pattie Maes, Maja Mataric, Jean-Arcady Meyer, Jordan Pollack and Stewart W. Wilson. Massachusetts, USA, 1996, pp. 135-144.
Beaugrand, Jacques P. "Relative Importance of Initial Individual Differences, Victory and Defeat Experiences, and Assessment Accuracy During Hierarchy Formation: A Simulation Study." Behavioural Processes 41 (1997): 177-192.
Humphrys, Mark. "Towards Self-organising Action Selection." Technical Report, Technical Report no. 255, Department of Computer Science, University of Essex, 1995.
Prem, Erich. "Epistemic Autonomy in Models of Living Systems." In Proceedings Fourth European Conference on Artificial Life. Edited by Phil Husbands and Inman Harvey. Brighton, Great Britain, 1997, pp. 2-9.
Oliphant, M. "Evolving Cooperation in the Non-iterated Prisoner's Dilemma: The Importance of Spatial Organization." In Proceedings Proceedings of the Fourth Artificial Life Workshop. Edited by R. Brooks and Maes. Boston, MA, 1998, pp. 349-352.
Beauty/Images of Women
Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I. Human Ethology. N.Y.: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1989.
Lakoff, Robin Tolmach. Face Value. 1984. (RA 778.L24 1984)
Lesser, Wendy. His Other Half. 1991. (NX 652.W6 L4 1991)
Banta, Martha. Imaging American Women. 1987. (NX 652.W6 B36 1987)
Banner, Lois W. American Beauty. (HQ 1410.B36 1983)
Gladue, Brian A., and H. Jean Delany. "Gender Differences in Perception of Men and Women in Bars." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 16, 2 (June 1990): 378-391.
Cunningham, Michael R. "Measuring the Physical in Physical Attractiveness:..." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 50, 5 (1986): 925-935. (SJU Holdings)
Mealey, L. "Bulking Up: The Roles of Gender and Sexual Orientation on Attempts to Manipulate Physical Attractiveness." Journal of Sex Research 34, 2 (1997): 223-228. (LJM)
Mealey, L., R. Bridgstock, and G. Townsend. "Symmetry and Perceived Facial Attractiveness: A Monozygotic Co-twin Comparison." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology76 (1999): 157-165. (SJU)
PubMed abstract: Symmetry is a major correlate of physical attractiveness across species, including humans. Investigating the nature of this relationship has been difficult, however, for several reasons, including the facts that variance in symmetry is attributable to more than one source and is often correlated with other variables related to attractiveness. This study assessed the role of facial symmetry in relation to perceptions of facial attractiveness. Some of the natural covariates of symmetry were controlled for by comparing the symmetry and attractiveness differentials between monozygotic co-twins, who are genetically, but not developmentally, identical. The more symmetric twin of a pair was consistently rated as more attractive, and the magnitude of the difference between twins in perceived attractiveness was directly related to the magnitude of the difference in symmetry.
Art, Music and Dance
Hanna, Judith Lynne. To Dance is Human: A Theory of Nonverbal Communication. (GV1603 .H36)
Rentschler, I., B. Herzberger, and D. Epstein. Beauty and the Brain. 1988. (BH301.P45 B43 1988)
Dissanayake, Ellen. Homo Aestheticus: Where Art Comes From and Why. 1992. (BH39.D56 1992)
Robinson, Jenefer. Music & Meaning. (ML3845 .M96 1997)
Signs and Symbols
Sternberg, Martin L. A. American Sign Language Concise Dictionary. 1990. (HV2475.S77 1990).
Koch, Rudolf. The Book of Signs. Translated from the German by Vyvyan Holland. (The book contains all manner of symbols used from the earliest times to the Middle Ages by primitive peoples and early Christians, collected, drawn and explained by Rudolf Koch.) (AZ108 .K62 1955)
Liungman, Carl G. Dictionary of Symbols. 1938. (REFERENCE BL603 .L5413 1991)
Carr-Gomm, Sarah. The Dictionary of Symbols in Western Art. (REFERENCE N7740 .C29 1995)
Tresidder, Jack. Dictionary of Symbols: An Illustrated Guide to Traditional Images, Icons, and Emblems. (REFERENCE GR931 .T74 1998)
Samoyault, Tiphaine. Give Me a Sign!: What Pictograms Tell us Without Words. (JUVENILE P53.7 .S2613 1997)
Bruce-Mitford, Miranda. The Illustrated Book of Signs & Symbols. (REFERENCE AZ108 .B78 1996)
Elder, Charles D. The Political Uses of Symbols. (JA74 .E39 1983)
Biezais, Haralds. Symposium on Religious Symbols and Their Functions. Turku, Finland, 1978. (Religious symbols and their functions: based on papers read at the Symposium on Religious Symbols and Their Functions, held at Abo on the 28th-30th of August 1978.) (BL603 .S95 1978)
Smeets, Rene. Signs, Symbols & Ornament. (NK1520 .S613)
Deception
Schrank, Jeffrey. Deception Detection: An Educator's Guide to the Art of Insight.(HF5822 .S287)
Lewis, Michale, and Carolyn Saarni Lewis. Lying and Deception in Everyday Life. (BF637.D42 L49 1993)
Ekman, Paul. Telling Lies: An Analysis of Lies, Liars, and Lie Catchers. New York: Norton, c1985. (CSB BJ1421 .E36 1985 )
Persuasion: Advertising, Politics
Rosenfeld, Paul, et al. "Of Status and Suits: Personal Space Invasions in an Administrative Setting." Social Behavior and Personality 15, 1 (1987).
Capaldi, Nicholas. The Art of Deception. 1987. (BC175.C33 1971 Edition)
Karlins, and Abelson. Persuasion. 1970. (BF 637.P4 K27)
Dichter. Handbook of Consumer Motivation. 1964. (HF 5415.3 D5)
Abelson, and Hubert. Persuasion. 1959. (BF 637.P4)
Fotheringham, Wallace. Perspectives on Persuasion. 1966. (BF 637.P4 F6)
Robertson. Consumer Behavior. 1970. (HF 5415.3 R57)
Brembeck, Winston. Persuasion, A Means of Social Influence. 1976. (BF 637.P4 B65)
Thompson. The Process of Persuasion. 1975. (BF 637.P4 T46)
Hart, Roderick P. Verbal Style and the Presidency. 1984. (PN 4055.U53 P643)
Masters, Roger D. The Nature of Politics. 1989. (JA80.M37 1989)
Goodrum, and Dalrymple. Advertising in America. 1990. (HF5813.U6 G64 1990)
Rank, Hugh. The Pep Talk. 1984. (PE 1431.R36)
Readings
The readings listed below are the foundation of this course. Where available, journal article abstracts from PubMed (an online database providing access to citations from biomedical literature) are included.
Textbook
Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I. Human Ethology. N.Y.: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1989.
Supplementary Readings For Class Reports, Discussion And Term Papers
Additional General Texts and Treatises
Darwin, C. The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press, Phoenix Books, 1965, orig. 1872.
Lorenz, K. Z. The Foundations of Ethology. N.Y.: Springer, 1981.
Gallistel, C. R. The Organization of Action: A New Synthesis. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1980.
Wickler, W. The Sexual Code: The Social Behavior of Animals and Men. Translated by F. Garvie. Garden City: Doubleday, Anchor Press, 1973.
Wilson, E. O. Sociobiology, the Abridged Edition. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard Univ. Press, 1980.
Maxwell, M., ed. The Sociobiological Imagination. Albany: SUNY Press, 1991.
Barash, D. P. Sociobiology and Behavior. 2nd ed. N.Y.: Elsevier, 1982.
Cockburn, A. An Introduction to Evolutionary Ecology. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd., 1991.
Krebs, J. R., and N. B. Davies, eds. Behavioural Ecology, an Evolutionary Approach. 4th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd., 1997.
Brown, L., and J. F. Downhower. Analyses in Behavioral Ecology: A Manual for Lab and Field. Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Assoc., 1988.
Alcock, J. Animal Behavior: An Evolutionary Approach. 5th ed. Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Assoc., 1993.
Drickamer, L. C., S. H. Vessey, and D. Meikle. Animal Behavior: Mechanisms, Ecology and Evolution. 3rd ed. Dubuque, Iowa: Wm. C. Brown, 1996.
Dewsbury, D. A., ed. Contemporary Issues in Comparative Psychology. Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Assoc., 1989.
Gallistel, C. R. The Organization of Learning. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press (Bradford Book), 1990.
Roitblat, H. L. Introduction to Comparative Cognition. N.Y.: W. H. Freeman & Co., 1987.
Ristau, C. A., and P. Marler, eds. Cognitive Ethology: The Minds of Other Animals. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1990.
Griffin, D. R. Animal Thinking. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1984.
Gallistel, C. R., ed. Animal Cognition. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1992. (From Cognition 37, 1-2 (1990)).
Hediger, H. Wild Animals in Captivity. N.Y.: Dover, 1964.
———. Man and Animal in the Zoo. Translated by G. Vevers and W. Reade. N.Y.: Delacorte Press, 1969.
Morris, Desmond. Manwatching: A Field Guide to Human Behavior. (LJM)
Marsh, Peter. Eye to Eye: How People Interact. 1988. (HM132.E98.1988)
Morris, Desmond, et al. Gestures. 1979. (BF 591.647 1979).
Davitz. The Communication of Emotional Meaning. 1964. (BF 591.B36).
Morris, Desmond. Babywatching. 1991. (LJM)
Omark, Donald F., F. Strayer, and Daniel G. Freedman. Dominance Relation: An Ethological View of Human Conflict and Social Interaction. (HM106 .D65)
Archer, John. Ethology and Human Development. (BF713 .A8 1992)
Hinde, Robert A. Individuals, Relationships & Culture: Links Between Ethology and the Social Sciences. (HM106 .H55 1987)
The Human Animal. Multimedia Entertainment. (MEDIA VIDEO BF199 .H85 1991) [Video recording]
Konner, M. The Tangled Wing: Biological Constraints on the Human Spirit. N.Y.: Harper & Row (Harper Colophon Books), 1982, 1990.
Additional, More Specialized Books and Articles
Advances in the Study of Behavior. Vol. 1-18 (1965-1988), N.Y.: Academic Press.
Hrdy, S. B. The Langurs of Abu: Female and Male Strategies of Reproduction. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1977.
Strum, S. C. Almost Human: A Journey into the World of Baboons. N.Y.: W.W. Norton, 1987.
Byrne, R. W., and A. Whiten. Machiavellian Intelligence: Social Expertise and the Evolution of Intellect in Monkeys, Apes, and Humans. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988.
Cheney, D. L., and R. M. Seyfarth. How Monkeys See the World: Inside the Mind of Another Species. Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press, 1990.
Fossey, D. Gorillas in the Mist. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1983.
Goodall, J. The Chimpanzees of Gombe: Patterns of Behavior. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard Univ. Press, 1986.
Wrangham, R. W., W. C. McGrew, F. B. M. de Waal, and P. G. Heltne, eds. Chimpanzee Cultures. Harvard Univ. Press, 1994.
Moore, Jim. "Female Transfer in Primates." International Journal of Primatology 5, 6 (1984): 537-589.
Crawford, Charles, and Dennis L. Krebs. Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology: Ideas, Issues, and Applications. (BF57 .H36 1998)
Bekoff, Marc. "Cognitive Ethology and the Explanation of Nonhuman Animal Behavior." 1995.
———. "Cognitive Ethology, Vigilance, Information Gathering, and Representation: Who Might Know What and Why? " Behavioral Processes 35 (1996): 225-237.
Bekoff, M., and C. Allen. "Cognitive Ethology: Slayers, Skeptics, and Proponents." In Anthropomorphism, Anecdotes, and Animals: The Emperor's New Clothes? Albany, New York: SUNY Press, 1997, pp. 313-334.
Bekoff, Marc. "Cognitive Ethology: The Comparative Study of Animal Minds." In Blackwell Companion to Cognitive Science. Blackwell Publishers, 1995.
Bekoff, Marc. "Deep Ethology." In Intimate Relationships, Embracing the Natural World.Kosmos, (1997).
Bekoff, Marc, and Colin Allen. "Intentional Communication and Social Play: How and Why Animals Negotiate and Agree to Play." In Animal Play: Evolutionary, Comparative, and Ecological Perspectives. Cambridge University Press, 1997.
Bekoff, Marc. "Playing with Play What Can We Learn About Cognition, Negotiation, and Evolution?." In The Evolution of Mind. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Dittrich, Winand. "Is the Monkeys' World Scientifically Impenetrable?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences15 (1992): 152.
Oliphant, Michael. "Rethinking the Language Bottleneck: Why don't Animals Learn to Communicate?" 1988.
Suddendorf, Thomas. "Simpler for Evolution: Secondary Representation in Apes, Children, and Ancestors." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21 (1998): 131.
Moore, Jim. "Sociobiology and Incest Avoidance: A Critical Look at a Critical Review." American Anthropologist 94 (1992): 929-932
Moore, Jim. "The Evolution of Reciprocal Sharing." Ethology and Sociobiology 5 (1984): 5-14.
SPECIAL TOPICS
Cross-Cultural Differences or Their Absences
Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I. Human Ethology. N.Y.: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1989.
Hall, Edward T. The Hidden Dimension. 1966. (BF469.H3)
———. The Silent Language. 1981. (HM258.H245 1990)
"The Translator." Science. July/Aug. 1985. (SJU Holdings)
Stewart, Edward C. American Cultural Patterns: A Cross-cultural Perspective. (E169.1 .S836 1991)
Philips, Susan Urmston. The Invisible Culture: Communication in Classroom and Community on the Warm Springs Indian Reservation. (E97.65.O7 P45 1983)
General Non-Verbal Communication
Lewis, Michael. The Effect of the Infant on its Caregiver. Edited by Michael Lewis and Leonard A. Rosenblum. New York: Wiley, 1974. SJU (HQ774 .L45).
Weitz, Shirley, ed. Nonverbal Communication. 1979. (BF 637.C45 W38 1979).
Siegman, Aron W., and Fieldstein, eds. Nonverbal Behavior and Communication. 1978. (BF 637.C43 N62).
Argyle, Michael. Bodily Communication. 1988. (BF 637.C45 A73 1988).
Kendon, Adam, Harris, and Key. Organization of Behavior in Face-to-Face Interaction. 1975. (BF 637.C45 O73).
Hinde, R. A., ed. Nonverbal Communication. 1972. (BF 637.C45 N65).
Knapp, Mark R. Nonverbal Communication in Human Interaction. (BF 637.C45 K57 1978).
Duncan, Starkey Jr., and Fiske. Face-to-Face Interaction: Research Methods, and Theory. 1977. (BF 637.C45 D86).
Szasz, Suzanne. The Body Language of Children. (BF723.C57 S92 1978)
Davis, Martha. Body Movement and Nonverbal Communication: An Annotated Bibliography. 1971-1981. (BF295 .Z943 1982)
Feldman, Robert, ed. Development of Nonverbal Behavior in Children. N.Y.: Springer-Verlag. 1982. (BF723.C57 D47 1982)
Axtell, Roger E. Gestures: The Do's and Taboos of Body Language around the World. (BF637.N66 A88 1998)
Knapp, Mark L., and R. Gerald. Miller Handbook of Interpersonal Communication. (BF637.C45 H287 1994)
Portch, Stephen R. Literature's Silent Language: Nonverbal Communication. (PS374.N65 P67 1985)
Spiegel, John Paul. Messages of the Body. (BF637.C45 S66)
Moroni, Giancarlo. My Hands Held Out to You: The Use of Body and Hands in Prayer. (BV215 .M6713 1992)
Eisenberg, Abne M. Nonverbal Communication. (P90 .E35)
Ruesch, Jurgen. Nonverbal Communication; Notes on the Visual Perception of Human Relation. (P90 .R8 1966)
Key, Mary Ritchie. Nonverbal Communication: A Research Guide & Bibliography. (REFERENCE P99.5 .K4)
Cooper, Ken. Nonverbal Communication for Business Success. (HF5386 .C78)
Papousek, Hanus, and Uwe Jurgens, Mechthild Papousek. Nonverbal Vocal Communication: Comparative and Developmental Approaches. (BF723.C57 N66 1992)
Segerstrale, Ullica, and Peter Molnar. Nonverbal Communication: Where Nature Meets Culture. (SJU BF637.N66 N66 1997)
Hoggart, Richard. On Culture and Communication. (P90 .H65 1972)
Key, Mary Ritchie. Paralanguage and Kinesics: (Nonverbal Communication), with a Bibliography. (BF637.C45 K48)
Jones, Stanley E. The Right Touch: Understanding and Using the Language of Physical Contact. (BF275 .J66 1994)
Rosenthal, Robert, et al. Sensitivity to Nonverbal Communication: The PONS Test. (BF637.C45 S43)
La Russo, Dominic A. The Shadows of Communication: Nonverbal Dimensions. (P99.5 .L3)
Leathers, Dale G. Successful Nonverbal Communication: Principles and Applications. (BF637.C45 L435 1986)
Josipovici, Gabriel. Touch. (P99.5 .J67 1996)
Szasz, Suzanne. The Unspoken Language of Children. (BF723.C57 S92 1980)
A World of Gestures: Culture & Nonverbal Communication. Created & produced by Dane Archer. Directed by Jon Silver. (VIDEOTAPE CASSETTE P117 .W67 1991) [Video recording]
Sebeok, Thomas A., and Alfred S. Hayes. Mary Catherine Bateson. Approaches to Semiotics: Cultural Anthropology, Education, Linguistics, Psychiatry, Psychology; Transactions. Indiana University Conference on Paralinguistics and Kinesics, 1962. (P87 .I5 1972)
Nespoulous, Jean-Luc, Paul Perron, and Andre Roch Lecours. The Biological Foundations of Gestures: Motor and Semiotic Aspects. (QP360 .B563 1986)
Fast, Julius. Body language. (BF637.C45 F35)
Scheflen, Albert E. Body Language and the Social Order: Communication as Behavioral Control. (BF45.C45 S34 1973)
Birdwhistell, Ray L. 1918- Kinesics and Context: Essays on Body Motion Communication. (BF637.C45 B57)
Spiegel, John Paul. Messages of the Body. (BF637.C45 S66)
Key, Mary Ritchie. Paralanguage and Kinesics: (Nonverbal Communication), with a Bibliography. (BF637.C45 K48)
Enquist, Magnus, and Stefano Ghirlanda. "The Secrets of Faces." In Nature. 1998, pp. 394.
Ruesch, Jurgen. Nonverbal Communication; Notes on the Visual Perception of Human Relations. 1909. (400 R84 n)
Paralinguistics
Communication by Voice and Action. Presented by Centron Films. (MEDIA VIDEO P99.5 .C67) [Video recording]
The Human Voice: Exploring Vocal Paralanguage. Created and Produced by Dane Archer. Directed and Produced by Jon Silver. (MEDIA VIDEO P90 .H85 1993) [Video recording]
Cooper, Morton. Change Your Voice, Change Your Life. 1984. (PN 4162.C65)
Hanley, Theodore, and Thurman. Developing Vocal Skills. 1970. (PN 4162.H33)
Bronstein, and Jacoby. Your Speech and Voice. 1967. (PN 4121.B722)
Pittam, J., and K. R. Scherer. "Vocal Expression and Communication of Emotion." In Handbook of Emotions. Edited by Michael Lewis and Jeannette M. Haviland. New York: Guilford Press, c1993. (CSB BF561 .H35 1993)
Scherer, K. R. "Vocal Affect Signaling: A Comparative Approach." In Advances in the Study of Behavior. Vol. 15. Pp. 189-244. (SJU QL750 .A38)
Emotion and Facial Expression
Russell, James. The Psychology of Facial Expressions. 1997. (BF592.F33 P78 1997)
Buck, Ross. The Communication of Emotion. (BF531 .B78 1984)
The Human Face: Emotions, Identities and Masks. Created and Produced by Dane Archer. (MEDIA VIDEO BF851 .H85 1996) [Video recording]
Plutchik, Robert. Emotion: A Psychoevolutionary Synthesis. 1980. (LJM)
Scherer, Klaus R. Facets of Emotion. 1988. (BF531.F33 1988)
Landau, Terry. About Faces. 1989. (GN64.L26.1989)
Matthews, Michael L. "Discrimination of Identikit Construction of Faces. Evidence for a Dual Processing Strategy." Perception and Psychophysics 23, 2 (1978): 153-161. (SJU)
Clark, Margret S. Emotion. (BF511 .C53 1992)
Malatesta, Carol Z. "The Development of Emotion Expression During the First Two Years of Life," with Commentary by Alan Fogel and Mark Reimers, Gail Zivin, and a Reply by the Authors. (LB1103 .S6 v.54 no.1-2)
Ekman, Paul. Emotion in the Human Face: Guide-lines for Research and an Itegration of Findings. (BF561 .E45 1972)
Anderson, Peter A., and Laura K. Guerrero. Handbook of Communication and Emotion: Research, Theory, Applications, and Contexts. (BF637.C45 H283 1998)
Davitz, Joel Robert. The Language of Emotion.(BF591 .D364)
Sex Differences
Mealey, L. Sex Differences: Development and Evolutionary Strategies. Academic Press, 2000.
Campbell, Anne. The Opposite Sex. 1989. (BF692.2.O77 1989)
Henley, Nancy. Body Politics: Power, Sex, and Nonverbal Communication. (BF637.C45 H44)
McGee, Mark G. Human Spatial Abilities: Sources of Sex Differences. (BF469 .M3)
Ghesuiere, J., R. D. Martin, and F. Newcom. Human Sexual Dimorphism. (QP251 H846 1985)
The Human Sexes. Partridge Films; The Learning Channel, a Discovery Network. (VIDEOTAPE CASSETTE HQ1075 .M68 1997) [Video recording]
Geary, David C. Male, Female: The Evolution of Human Sex Differences. (QP81.5 .G43 1998)
Dennen, J. M. G. van der. The Nature of the Sexes: The Sociobiology of Sex Differences and the "Battle of the Sexes". (BF692.2 .N38 1992)
Hall, Judith A. Nonverbal Sex Differences: Communication Accuracy and Expressive Style. (BF637.C45 H28 1984)
Mayo, Clara, and Nancy M. Henley. Gender and Nonverbal Behavior. (BF637.C45 G45)
Tannen, Deborah. Gender and Discourse. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. (CSB P120.S48 T36 1994)
———. Talking from 9 To 5: How Women's and Men's Conversational Styles Affect Who Gets Heard, Who Gets Credit, and What Gets Done at Work. New York: W. Morrow, c1994. (CSB HF5718 .T36 1994)
———. You Just Don't Understand: Women and Men in Conversation. New York: Morrow, c1990. (CSB & SJU HQ734 .T24 1990)
Moore, Jim. "Book Review of The Egalitarians -- Human and Chimpanzee_ by Margaret Power." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 88 (1992): 259-262.
Bekoff, Marc. "Deep Ethology." In Intimate Relationships, Embracing the Natural World. Kosmos, (1997).
Cotnoir, Pierre-Alain, Jacques P. Beaugrand, and Claude Goulet. "DES DIFFÉRENCES LIÉES AU SEXE DANS LES STRATÉGIES DE RÉPARTITION SPATIALE CHEZ DES POISSONS PORTE-ÉPÉE (XIPHOPHORUS HELLERI) MAINTENUS EN CAPTIVITÉ." Naturaliste Canadien (Rev. Écol. Syst.) 113 (1986): 257-262.
Muscarella, Frank, Bernhard Fink, Karl Grammer, and Michael Kirk-Smith. "Homosexual Orientation in Males: Evolutionary and Ethological Aspects." Neiroendocrinology Letters 22,6 (2001): 393-400.
PubMed abstract: Evolutionary theory proposes that adaptive traits are reproduced more successfully than maladaptive traits. Accordingly, natural selection should favor heterosexuality as it facilitates reproduction and the propagation of genes. However, the question becomes, what has maintained homosexuality in a small but consistent percentage of the human population? Research into the evolutionary and hormonal factors associated with a homosexual orientation have yielded provocative but inconsistent results. It also suggests that human sexual orientation, and in particular homosexual orientation, is too complex to be described by one simple model or a single research discipline. The current paper treads a new path and emphasizes an integrative approach for the understanding of homosexuality. The authors examine the combined effects of evolutionary factors and neurohormonal processes on the development of a homosexual orientation. It is suggested that research into the topic could benefit from an examination of and change in some of the assumptions upon which much past research has been based.
Beaugrand, Jacques P. Modèles de dominance et théorie de l'évolution. In Darwin Après Darwin, Québec: PUQ. Edited by Joseph Lévy and Henri É. Cohen. 1983, pp. 110-137. Presses de l'Université du Québec (PUQ).
Snyder, Peter J., James D. Weinrich, and Richard C. Pillard. "Personality and Lipid Level Differences Associated with Homosexual and Bisexual Identity in Men." Archives of Sexual Behavior 23 (1994): 433-451.
PubMed abstract: Self-identified homosexual (n = 30), bisexual (n = 29), and heterosexual (n = 31) men were compared on measures of gender-typical behavior, sex role, ego strength, and lipid levels. Homosexual men differed significantly from the heterosexual men on the gender-typical behavior and feminine sex-role measure (both in adulthood and in childhood), and several trends and significant differences were found on the biochemical measures of lipid levels (especially when 7 obese men were removed from the analyses). As a rule, the bisexual men were different from the heterosexual men on the above measures, but were indistinguishable from the homosexual men. Bisexuals differed from both of the other two groups, however, by scoring lower on the ego strength scale and by reporting themselves to be more often troubled, lonely, and depressed. We caution that the lipid analyses were made on single blood samples and require an extended replication; however, we report the data because of their possible theoretical interest and because they replicate work of 20 years ago.
Pheromones
Stoddart, Micahel P. The Scented Ape. 1990. (QP458.S77 1990)
Corbin, Alan. The Foul and the Fragrant. 1986. (GT 2847.C6713 1986)
Engen, Trygg. Odor Sensation and Memory. 1991. (QP 458.E52 1991)
Shorey, Harry. Animal Communication by Pheromones. (QL776 .S54)
Short, R. V., and E. Balaban. The Differences Between the Sexes. (QP81.5 .D54 1994)
Stoddart, David Michael. Mammalian Odours and Pheromones. (QL739.2 .S8)
Kohl, James V., Michaela Atzmueller, Bernhard Fink, and Karl Grammer. "Human Pheromones: Integrating Neuroendocrinology and Ethology." Neuroendocrinology Letters 22, 5 (2001): 309-321.
PubMed abstract: The effect of sensory input on hormones is essential to any explanation of mammalian behavior, including aspects of physical attraction. The chemical signals we send have direct and developmental effects on hormone levels in other people. Since we don t know either if, or how, visual cues might have direct and developmental effects on hormone levels in other people, the biological basis for the development of visually perceived human physical attraction is currently somewhat questionable. In contrast, the biological basis for the development of physical attraction based on chemical signals is well detailed.
Clothing
Ewing. Dress and Undress. 1978. (GT 2073.E89)
Kohler, Carl. A History of Costume. 1963. (GT 510.K6)
Mansfield, Alan. Ceremonial Costume. 1980. (GT 1755.G7 M36)
Ryan, Mary. Clothing: A Study In Human Behavior. 1966. (GT 521.R9)
Hope, Thomas. Costumes of the Greeks. 1962. (GT 595.H6)
Latzke, Alpha, and Helen Hostetter. The Wide World of Clothing. 1968. (TT 507 L32)
Boehn, Max V. Ornaments. 1970. (GT 2050 B613)
Hartley, A. Medieval Costume and Life. 1931. (GT 732.H3)
Roach, Mary Ellen, and Joanne Eicher. The Visible Self: Perspectives on Dress. 1973. (GT 521 R57)
Horn, Marilyn. The Second Skin. 1968. (GT 521 H67)
DeMarly, Diana. Fashion for Men. 1985. (GT 1710.D3)
Bell, Quentin. On Human Finery. 1976. (GT 521.B4)
Warwick, Pitz, and Wychoff. Early American Dress. 1965. (GT 605.H64 v.2)
Hanson, H. H. Costumes and Styles. 1956. (GT 510.H33)
O'Hara, Georgina. The Encyclopedia of Fashion. 1986. (GT 507.O53)
Laver, James. Dress. 1966. (GT 580.L28)
Gorsline, Douglas. What People Wore. 1974. (GT 513.G6)
Wilcox, R. Turner. The Mode in Costume. 1958. (GT 510.W55)
Peacock, John. Costume: 1066-1966. 1986. (GT 730.P43)
Squire, Geoffrey. Dress in Society: 1560-1970. 1974. (GT 720.S6)
Scott, Steven. Why Do They Dress That Way? 1986. (BX 4950.S35)
Davis, Fred. Fashion, Culture, and Identity. 1992. (GT 525.D38 1992)
Brown, Percy Clement. (1886). Art in Dress. 1922. (TT515 .B88 1993)
Tarlo, Emma. Clothing Matters: Dress and Identity in India. (GT1460 .T37 1996)
Hotchkiss, Valerie R. Clothes Make the Man: Female Cross Dressing in Medieval Europe. 1960. (HQ77 .H67 1996)
Hall, Lee. Common Threads: A Parade of American Clothing. (GT605 .H35 1992)
Roche, Daniel. The Culture of Clothing: Dress and Fashion in the "Ancien Regime". (GT857 .R6313 1994)
Hines, Dick. Dressing for Worship: A Fresh Look at What Christians Wear in Church. (BX5141.A1 G75 no.138)
Boscagli, Maurizia. Eye on the Flesh: Fashions of Masculinity in the Early Twentieth Century. (GT720 .B67 1996)
Perrot, Philippe. Fashioning the Bourgeoisie: A History of Clothing in the Nineteenth Century. (GT871 .P3913 1994)
Kirkham, Pat. The Gendered Objects. (BF692.2 G466 1996)
Chenoune, Farid. A History of Men's Fashion. (GT1710 .C44 1993)
"Manual on school Uniforms." (GOVERNMENT DOCUMENT ED 1.2:97031091) (Electronic Resource)
Harvey, John Robert. Men in Black. (PR149.C67 H37 1995)
Peacock, John. Men's Fashion: The Complete Sourcebook. 1943. (GT1710 .P43 1996)
Buzzaccarini, Vittoria de. Men's Coats. (OVERSIZE GT2079 .B89 1994)
Costantino, Maria. Men's Fashion in the Twentieth Century: From Frock Coats to Intelligent Fibres. (GT1710 .C67 1997)
Police Body Armor Standards and Testing. Washington, D.C.: Congress of the U.S., Office of Technology Assessment. (GOVERNMENT DOCUMENT Y 3.T 22/2:2 P 75/2/v.1-)
Police Body Armor: Consumer Product List. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs. (GOVERNMENT DOCUMENT J 28.2:P 75/13)
Arthur, Linda B. Religion, Dress, and the Body. (GT525 .R44 1999)
Hollander, Anne. Sex and Suits. (GT525 .H65 1994)
Molloy, John T. The Woman's Dress for Success Book. 1977. (TX 340.M59)
Furstenberg, Egon von. The Power Look. 1978. (TT 507.V65)
Thourlby, William. You Are What You Wear. 1978. (TT 507.T47)
Wallach, Janet. Looks That Work. 1986. (TT 507.W2169 1986)
Hix, Charles. Dressing Right. 1978. (TT 618.H58)
Machine Interfaces
Argyle, M., and M. Cook. Gaze and Mutual Gaze. England: Cambridge University Press, 1976.
Argyle, M., L. Lefebvre, and M. Cook. "The Meaning of Five Patterns of Gaze." European Journal of Social Psychology 4, 2 (1974): 125-136.
Bolt, R. A. "Conversing With Computers." Technology Review, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, Feb./Mar. 1985.
———. "The Integrated Multimodal Interface." The Transactions of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers (Japan) J79-D, 11 (Nov. 1987): 2017-2025.
Effron, D. Gesture, Race and Culture. The Hague: Mouton, 1941/1972.
Ekman, P. "About Brows: Emotional and Conversational Signals." In Human Ethology. Edited by M. Von Cranach, K. Foppa, W. Lepenies and D. Ploog. 1979, pp. 169-249.
Ekman, P., and W. Friesen. "The Repertoire of Non-Verbal Behavior: Categories, Origins, Usage, and Coding." Semiotica 1 (1969): 49-98.
Goodwin, C. "Gestures as a Resource for the Organization of Mutual Orientation." Semiotica 62, 1/2 (1986): 29-49.
———. Conversational Organization: Interaction between Speakers and Hearers. New York, N.Y.: Academic Press, 1981.
Kahneman, D. Attention and Effort. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc., 1973.
Kleinke, C. "Gaze and Eye Contact: A Research Review." Psychological Bulletin 100, 1 (1986): 78-100.
Koons, D. B., C. J. Sparrell, and K. R. Thórisson. "Integrating Simultaneous Input from Speech, Gaze and Hand Gestures." Chap. 11 in Intelligent Multi-Media Interfaces. Edited by M. T. Maybury. Cambridge, MA: AAAI Press/MIT Press, 1993, pp. 252-276.
Laurel, B. "Interface Agents: Metaphors with Character." In The Art of Human-Computer Interface Design. Edited by B. Laurel. 1990, pp. 355-365.
Lord, C., and M. M. Haith. "The Perception of Eye Contact." Perception & Psychophysics 16, 3 (1974): 413-16. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.
McNeill, D. Hand and Mind: What Gestures Reveal about Thought. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1992. Nespolous, J-L & Lecours, A. R. (1986).
Pierrehumbert, J., and J. Hirschberg. "The Meaning of Intonational Contours in the Interpretation of Discourse." In Intentions in Communication. Edited by P. R. Cohen, J. Morgan and M. E. Pollack. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1990.
Rimé, B., and L. Schiaratura. "Gesture and Speech." In Fundamentals of Nonverbal Behavior. Edited by R. S. Feldman and B. Rimé. New York Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, 1991, pp. 239-281.
Computer Simulations of Behavior
Maes, P., ed. Designing Autonomous Agents: Theory and Practice from Biology to Engineering and Back. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Elsevier, 1990.
Mayer, J. A., and S. Wilson, eds. From Animals to Animats. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1991.
Nii, P. "Blackboard Systems." In The Handbook of Artificial Intelligence. Edited by A. Barr, P. R. Cohen and E. A. Feigenbaum. Vol. 4, Reading MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1989, pp. 1-74.
Selfridge, O. G. "Pandemonium: A Paradigm for learning." In Proceedings of the Symposium on the Mechanization of Thought Processes. 1959, pp. 511-529.
Computational learning theory and natural learning systems. Editors: Hanson SJ, Drastal GA, Rivest RL. MIT Press 1994-1997 (Bradford Books).
v.1: Constraints and prospects.
v.2: Intersections between theory and experiment. (additional editors: Petsche T, Kearns M)
v.3: Selecting good models. (editors: Petsche T, Hanson SJ & Shavlik JW)
v.4: Making learning systems practical. (ed.: Greiner R)
Neal RM., Bayesian learning for neural networks. New York: Springer, 1996. (Lecture notes in statistics, v. 118), 183 pp.
Brooks, R. 1986. A Robust Layered Control System for a Mobile Robot. IEEE Journal of Robotics and Automation, RA-2 (1): 14-23.
Yoon, S.-Y., Blumberg, B. M. and Schneider, G. E. 2000. Motivation Driven Learning for Interactive Synthetic Characters. In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Autonomous Agents. New York, NY.: ACM Press. Forthcoming.
Song-Yee Yoon, Robert C. Burke, Bruce M. Blumberg, Gerald E. Schneider. Interactive Training for Synthetic Characters (2000)
Proceedings AAAI/IAAI, pp. 249-254.
B. Blumberg (1996) Old tricks, new dogs: Ethology and interactive creatures. Ph.D. thesis in Media Arts and Sciences, M.I.T., Cambridge, MA.
B. Blumberg, P. Todd and P. Maes (1996) No bad dogs: Ethological lessons for learning. In: From Animals to Animats, Proc. Fourth Intenational Conf on the Simulation of Adaptive Behavior. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
B. Blumberg (1994) Action-selection in hamsterdam: Lessons from ethology. In: From Animals to Animats, Proc. Third International Conf on the Simulation of Adaptive Behavior. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
C. Kline and B. Blumberg (1999) The art and science of synthetic character design. In: Proc. AISB 1999 Symposium on AI and Creativity in Entertainment and Visual Art, Edinburgh, Scotland.
Humphrys, Mark. "Action Selection in a Hypothetical House Robot: Using those RL Numbers." In Proceedings Proceedings of the First International ICSC Symposia on Intelligent Industrial Automation (IIA-96) and Soft Computing. Edited by Peter G. Anderson and Kevin Warwick. Reading, England, 1996, pp. 216-222.
———. "Action Selection Methods using Reinforcement Learning." In Proceedings from Animals to Animats 4: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior. Edited by Pattie Maes, Maja Mataric, Jean-Arcady Meyer, Jordan Pollack and Stewart W. Wilson. Massachusetts, USA, 1996, pp. 135-144.
Beaugrand, Jacques P. "Relative Importance of Initial Individual Differences, Victory and Defeat Experiences, and Assessment Accuracy During Hierarchy Formation: A Simulation Study." Behavioural Processes 41 (1997): 177-192.
Humphrys, Mark. "Towards Self-organising Action Selection." Technical Report, Technical Report no. 255, Department of Computer Science, University of Essex, 1995.
Prem, Erich. "Epistemic Autonomy in Models of Living Systems." In Proceedings Fourth European Conference on Artificial Life. Edited by Phil Husbands and Inman Harvey. Brighton, Great Britain, 1997, pp. 2-9.
Oliphant, M. "Evolving Cooperation in the Non-iterated Prisoner's Dilemma: The Importance of Spatial Organization." In Proceedings Proceedings of the Fourth Artificial Life Workshop. Edited by R. Brooks and Maes. Boston, MA, 1998, pp. 349-352.
Beauty/Images of Women
Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I. Human Ethology. N.Y.: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1989.
Lakoff, Robin Tolmach. Face Value. 1984. (RA 778.L24 1984)
Lesser, Wendy. His Other Half. 1991. (NX 652.W6 L4 1991)
Banta, Martha. Imaging American Women. 1987. (NX 652.W6 B36 1987)
Banner, Lois W. American Beauty. (HQ 1410.B36 1983)
Gladue, Brian A., and H. Jean Delany. "Gender Differences in Perception of Men and Women in Bars." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 16, 2 (June 1990): 378-391.
Cunningham, Michael R. "Measuring the Physical in Physical Attractiveness:..." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 50, 5 (1986): 925-935. (SJU Holdings)
Mealey, L. "Bulking Up: The Roles of Gender and Sexual Orientation on Attempts to Manipulate Physical Attractiveness." Journal of Sex Research 34, 2 (1997): 223-228. (LJM)
Mealey, L., R. Bridgstock, and G. Townsend. "Symmetry and Perceived Facial Attractiveness: A Monozygotic Co-twin Comparison." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology76 (1999): 157-165. (SJU)
PubMed abstract: Symmetry is a major correlate of physical attractiveness across species, including humans. Investigating the nature of this relationship has been difficult, however, for several reasons, including the facts that variance in symmetry is attributable to more than one source and is often correlated with other variables related to attractiveness. This study assessed the role of facial symmetry in relation to perceptions of facial attractiveness. Some of the natural covariates of symmetry were controlled for by comparing the symmetry and attractiveness differentials between monozygotic co-twins, who are genetically, but not developmentally, identical. The more symmetric twin of a pair was consistently rated as more attractive, and the magnitude of the difference between twins in perceived attractiveness was directly related to the magnitude of the difference in symmetry.
Art, Music and Dance
Hanna, Judith Lynne. To Dance is Human: A Theory of Nonverbal Communication. (GV1603 .H36)
Rentschler, I., B. Herzberger, and D. Epstein. Beauty and the Brain. 1988. (BH301.P45 B43 1988)
Dissanayake, Ellen. Homo Aestheticus: Where Art Comes From and Why. 1992. (BH39.D56 1992)
Robinson, Jenefer. Music & Meaning. (ML3845 .M96 1997)
Signs and Symbols
Sternberg, Martin L. A. American Sign Language Concise Dictionary. 1990. (HV2475.S77 1990).
Koch, Rudolf. The Book of Signs. Translated from the German by Vyvyan Holland. (The book contains all manner of symbols used from the earliest times to the Middle Ages by primitive peoples and early Christians, collected, drawn and explained by Rudolf Koch.) (AZ108 .K62 1955)
Liungman, Carl G. Dictionary of Symbols. 1938. (REFERENCE BL603 .L5413 1991)
Carr-Gomm, Sarah. The Dictionary of Symbols in Western Art. (REFERENCE N7740 .C29 1995)
Tresidder, Jack. Dictionary of Symbols: An Illustrated Guide to Traditional Images, Icons, and Emblems. (REFERENCE GR931 .T74 1998)
Samoyault, Tiphaine. Give Me a Sign!: What Pictograms Tell us Without Words. (JUVENILE P53.7 .S2613 1997)
Bruce-Mitford, Miranda. The Illustrated Book of Signs & Symbols. (REFERENCE AZ108 .B78 1996)
Elder, Charles D. The Political Uses of Symbols. (JA74 .E39 1983)
Biezais, Haralds. Symposium on Religious Symbols and Their Functions. Turku, Finland, 1978. (Religious symbols and their functions: based on papers read at the Symposium on Religious Symbols and Their Functions, held at Abo on the 28th-30th of August 1978.) (BL603 .S95 1978)
Smeets, Rene. Signs, Symbols & Ornament. (NK1520 .S613)
Deception
Schrank, Jeffrey. Deception Detection: An Educator's Guide to the Art of Insight.(HF5822 .S287)
Lewis, Michale, and Carolyn Saarni Lewis. Lying and Deception in Everyday Life. (BF637.D42 L49 1993)
Ekman, Paul. Telling Lies: An Analysis of Lies, Liars, and Lie Catchers. New York: Norton, c1985. (CSB BJ1421 .E36 1985 )
Persuasion: Advertising, Politics
Rosenfeld, Paul, et al. "Of Status and Suits: Personal Space Invasions in an Administrative Setting." Social Behavior and Personality 15, 1 (1987).
Capaldi, Nicholas. The Art of Deception. 1987. (BC175.C33 1971 Edition)
Karlins, and Abelson. Persuasion. 1970. (BF 637.P4 K27)
Dichter. Handbook of Consumer Motivation. 1964. (HF 5415.3 D5)
Abelson, and Hubert. Persuasion. 1959. (BF 637.P4)
Fotheringham, Wallace. Perspectives on Persuasion. 1966. (BF 637.P4 F6)
Robertson. Consumer Behavior. 1970. (HF 5415.3 R57)
Brembeck, Winston. Persuasion, A Means of Social Influence. 1976. (BF 637.P4 B65)
Thompson. The Process of Persuasion. 1975. (BF 637.P4 T46)
Hart, Roderick P. Verbal Style and the Presidency. 1984. (PN 4055.U53 P643)
Masters, Roger D. The Nature of Politics. 1989. (JA80.M37 1989)
Goodrum, and Dalrymple. Advertising in America. 1990. (HF5813.U6 G64 1990)
Rank, Hugh. The Pep Talk. 1984. (PE 1431.R36)
Readings
The readings listed below are the foundation of this course. Where available, journal article abstracts from PubMed (an online database providing access to citations from biomedical literature) are included.
Textbook
Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I. Human Ethology. N.Y.: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1989.
Supplementary Readings For Class Reports, Discussion And Term Papers
Additional General Texts and Treatises
Darwin, C. The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press, Phoenix Books, 1965, orig. 1872.
Lorenz, K. Z. The Foundations of Ethology. N.Y.: Springer, 1981.
Gallistel, C. R. The Organization of Action: A New Synthesis. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1980.
Wickler, W. The Sexual Code: The Social Behavior of Animals and Men. Translated by F. Garvie. Garden City: Doubleday, Anchor Press, 1973.
Wilson, E. O. Sociobiology, the Abridged Edition. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard Univ. Press, 1980.
Maxwell, M., ed. The Sociobiological Imagination. Albany: SUNY Press, 1991.
Barash, D. P. Sociobiology and Behavior. 2nd ed. N.Y.: Elsevier, 1982.
Cockburn, A. An Introduction to Evolutionary Ecology. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd., 1991.
Krebs, J. R., and N. B. Davies, eds. Behavioural Ecology, an Evolutionary Approach. 4th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd., 1997.
Brown, L., and J. F. Downhower. Analyses in Behavioral Ecology: A Manual for Lab and Field. Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Assoc., 1988.
Alcock, J. Animal Behavior: An Evolutionary Approach. 5th ed. Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Assoc., 1993.
Drickamer, L. C., S. H. Vessey, and D. Meikle. Animal Behavior: Mechanisms, Ecology and Evolution. 3rd ed. Dubuque, Iowa: Wm. C. Brown, 1996.
Dewsbury, D. A., ed. Contemporary Issues in Comparative Psychology. Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Assoc., 1989.
Gallistel, C. R. The Organization of Learning. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press (Bradford Book), 1990.
Roitblat, H. L. Introduction to Comparative Cognition. N.Y.: W. H. Freeman & Co., 1987.
Ristau, C. A., and P. Marler, eds. Cognitive Ethology: The Minds of Other Animals. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1990.
Griffin, D. R. Animal Thinking. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1984.
Gallistel, C. R., ed. Animal Cognition. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1992. (From Cognition 37, 1-2 (1990)).
Hediger, H. Wild Animals in Captivity. N.Y.: Dover, 1964.
———. Man and Animal in the Zoo. Translated by G. Vevers and W. Reade. N.Y.: Delacorte Press, 1969.
Morris, Desmond. Manwatching: A Field Guide to Human Behavior. (LJM)
Marsh, Peter. Eye to Eye: How People Interact. 1988. (HM132.E98.1988)
Morris, Desmond, et al. Gestures. 1979. (BF 591.647 1979).
Davitz. The Communication of Emotional Meaning. 1964. (BF 591.B36).
Morris, Desmond. Babywatching. 1991. (LJM)
Omark, Donald F., F. Strayer, and Daniel G. Freedman. Dominance Relation: An Ethological View of Human Conflict and Social Interaction. (HM106 .D65)
Archer, John. Ethology and Human Development. (BF713 .A8 1992)
Hinde, Robert A. Individuals, Relationships & Culture: Links Between Ethology and the Social Sciences. (HM106 .H55 1987)
The Human Animal. Multimedia Entertainment. (MEDIA VIDEO BF199 .H85 1991) [Video recording]
Konner, M. The Tangled Wing: Biological Constraints on the Human Spirit. N.Y.: Harper & Row (Harper Colophon Books), 1982, 1990.
Additional, More Specialized Books and Articles
Advances in the Study of Behavior. Vol. 1-18 (1965-1988), N.Y.: Academic Press.
Hrdy, S. B. The Langurs of Abu: Female and Male Strategies of Reproduction. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1977.
Strum, S. C. Almost Human: A Journey into the World of Baboons. N.Y.: W.W. Norton, 1987.
Byrne, R. W., and A. Whiten. Machiavellian Intelligence: Social Expertise and the Evolution of Intellect in Monkeys, Apes, and Humans. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988.
Cheney, D. L., and R. M. Seyfarth. How Monkeys See the World: Inside the Mind of Another Species. Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press, 1990.
Fossey, D. Gorillas in the Mist. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1983.
Goodall, J. The Chimpanzees of Gombe: Patterns of Behavior. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard Univ. Press, 1986.
Wrangham, R. W., W. C. McGrew, F. B. M. de Waal, and P. G. Heltne, eds. Chimpanzee Cultures. Harvard Univ. Press, 1994.
Moore, Jim. "Female Transfer in Primates." International Journal of Primatology 5, 6 (1984): 537-589.
Crawford, Charles, and Dennis L. Krebs. Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology: Ideas, Issues, and Applications. (BF57 .H36 1998)
Bekoff, Marc. "Cognitive Ethology and the Explanation of Nonhuman Animal Behavior." 1995.
———. "Cognitive Ethology, Vigilance, Information Gathering, and Representation: Who Might Know What and Why? " Behavioral Processes 35 (1996): 225-237.
Bekoff, M., and C. Allen. "Cognitive Ethology: Slayers, Skeptics, and Proponents." In Anthropomorphism, Anecdotes, and Animals: The Emperor's New Clothes? Albany, New York: SUNY Press, 1997, pp. 313-334.
Bekoff, Marc. "Cognitive Ethology: The Comparative Study of Animal Minds." In Blackwell Companion to Cognitive Science. Blackwell Publishers, 1995.
Bekoff, Marc. "Deep Ethology." In Intimate Relationships, Embracing the Natural World.Kosmos, (1997).
Bekoff, Marc, and Colin Allen. "Intentional Communication and Social Play: How and Why Animals Negotiate and Agree to Play." In Animal Play: Evolutionary, Comparative, and Ecological Perspectives. Cambridge University Press, 1997.
Bekoff, Marc. "Playing with Play What Can We Learn About Cognition, Negotiation, and Evolution?." In The Evolution of Mind. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Dittrich, Winand. "Is the Monkeys' World Scientifically Impenetrable?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences15 (1992): 152.
Oliphant, Michael. "Rethinking the Language Bottleneck: Why don't Animals Learn to Communicate?" 1988.
Suddendorf, Thomas. "Simpler for Evolution: Secondary Representation in Apes, Children, and Ancestors." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21 (1998): 131.
Moore, Jim. "Sociobiology and Incest Avoidance: A Critical Look at a Critical Review." American Anthropologist 94 (1992): 929-932
Moore, Jim. "The Evolution of Reciprocal Sharing." Ethology and Sociobiology 5 (1984): 5-14.
SPECIAL TOPICS
Cross-Cultural Differences or Their Absences
Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I. Human Ethology. N.Y.: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1989.
Hall, Edward T. The Hidden Dimension. 1966. (BF469.H3)
———. The Silent Language. 1981. (HM258.H245 1990)
"The Translator." Science. July/Aug. 1985. (SJU Holdings)
Stewart, Edward C. American Cultural Patterns: A Cross-cultural Perspective. (E169.1 .S836 1991)
Philips, Susan Urmston. The Invisible Culture: Communication in Classroom and Community on the Warm Springs Indian Reservation. (E97.65.O7 P45 1983)
General Non-Verbal Communication
Lewis, Michael. The Effect of the Infant on its Caregiver. Edited by Michael Lewis and Leonard A. Rosenblum. New York: Wiley, 1974. SJU (HQ774 .L45).
Weitz, Shirley, ed. Nonverbal Communication. 1979. (BF 637.C45 W38 1979).
Siegman, Aron W., and Fieldstein, eds. Nonverbal Behavior and Communication. 1978. (BF 637.C43 N62).
Argyle, Michael. Bodily Communication. 1988. (BF 637.C45 A73 1988).
Kendon, Adam, Harris, and Key. Organization of Behavior in Face-to-Face Interaction. 1975. (BF 637.C45 O73).
Hinde, R. A., ed. Nonverbal Communication. 1972. (BF 637.C45 N65).
Knapp, Mark R. Nonverbal Communication in Human Interaction. (BF 637.C45 K57 1978).
Duncan, Starkey Jr., and Fiske. Face-to-Face Interaction: Research Methods, and Theory. 1977. (BF 637.C45 D86).
Szasz, Suzanne. The Body Language of Children. (BF723.C57 S92 1978)
Davis, Martha. Body Movement and Nonverbal Communication: An Annotated Bibliography. 1971-1981. (BF295 .Z943 1982)
Feldman, Robert, ed. Development of Nonverbal Behavior in Children. N.Y.: Springer-Verlag. 1982. (BF723.C57 D47 1982)
Axtell, Roger E. Gestures: The Do's and Taboos of Body Language around the World. (BF637.N66 A88 1998)
Knapp, Mark L., and R. Gerald. Miller Handbook of Interpersonal Communication. (BF637.C45 H287 1994)
Portch, Stephen R. Literature's Silent Language: Nonverbal Communication. (PS374.N65 P67 1985)
Spiegel, John Paul. Messages of the Body. (BF637.C45 S66)
Moroni, Giancarlo. My Hands Held Out to You: The Use of Body and Hands in Prayer. (BV215 .M6713 1992)
Eisenberg, Abne M. Nonverbal Communication. (P90 .E35)
Ruesch, Jurgen. Nonverbal Communication; Notes on the Visual Perception of Human Relation. (P90 .R8 1966)
Key, Mary Ritchie. Nonverbal Communication: A Research Guide & Bibliography. (REFERENCE P99.5 .K4)
Cooper, Ken. Nonverbal Communication for Business Success. (HF5386 .C78)
Papousek, Hanus, and Uwe Jurgens, Mechthild Papousek. Nonverbal Vocal Communication: Comparative and Developmental Approaches. (BF723.C57 N66 1992)
Segerstrale, Ullica, and Peter Molnar. Nonverbal Communication: Where Nature Meets Culture. (SJU BF637.N66 N66 1997)
Hoggart, Richard. On Culture and Communication. (P90 .H65 1972)
Key, Mary Ritchie. Paralanguage and Kinesics: (Nonverbal Communication), with a Bibliography. (BF637.C45 K48)
Jones, Stanley E. The Right Touch: Understanding and Using the Language of Physical Contact. (BF275 .J66 1994)
Rosenthal, Robert, et al. Sensitivity to Nonverbal Communication: The PONS Test. (BF637.C45 S43)
La Russo, Dominic A. The Shadows of Communication: Nonverbal Dimensions. (P99.5 .L3)
Leathers, Dale G. Successful Nonverbal Communication: Principles and Applications. (BF637.C45 L435 1986)
Josipovici, Gabriel. Touch. (P99.5 .J67 1996)
Szasz, Suzanne. The Unspoken Language of Children. (BF723.C57 S92 1980)
A World of Gestures: Culture & Nonverbal Communication. Created & produced by Dane Archer. Directed by Jon Silver. (VIDEOTAPE CASSETTE P117 .W67 1991) [Video recording]
Sebeok, Thomas A., and Alfred S. Hayes. Mary Catherine Bateson. Approaches to Semiotics: Cultural Anthropology, Education, Linguistics, Psychiatry, Psychology; Transactions. Indiana University Conference on Paralinguistics and Kinesics, 1962. (P87 .I5 1972)
Nespoulous, Jean-Luc, Paul Perron, and Andre Roch Lecours. The Biological Foundations of Gestures: Motor and Semiotic Aspects. (QP360 .B563 1986)
Fast, Julius. Body language. (BF637.C45 F35)
Scheflen, Albert E. Body Language and the Social Order: Communication as Behavioral Control. (BF45.C45 S34 1973)
Birdwhistell, Ray L. 1918- Kinesics and Context: Essays on Body Motion Communication. (BF637.C45 B57)
Spiegel, John Paul. Messages of the Body. (BF637.C45 S66)
Key, Mary Ritchie. Paralanguage and Kinesics: (Nonverbal Communication), with a Bibliography. (BF637.C45 K48)
Enquist, Magnus, and Stefano Ghirlanda. "The Secrets of Faces." In Nature. 1998, pp. 394.
Ruesch, Jurgen. Nonverbal Communication; Notes on the Visual Perception of Human Relations. 1909. (400 R84 n)
Paralinguistics
Communication by Voice and Action. Presented by Centron Films. (MEDIA VIDEO P99.5 .C67) [Video recording]
The Human Voice: Exploring Vocal Paralanguage. Created and Produced by Dane Archer. Directed and Produced by Jon Silver. (MEDIA VIDEO P90 .H85 1993) [Video recording]
Cooper, Morton. Change Your Voice, Change Your Life. 1984. (PN 4162.C65)
Hanley, Theodore, and Thurman. Developing Vocal Skills. 1970. (PN 4162.H33)
Bronstein, and Jacoby. Your Speech and Voice. 1967. (PN 4121.B722)
Pittam, J., and K. R. Scherer. "Vocal Expression and Communication of Emotion." In Handbook of Emotions. Edited by Michael Lewis and Jeannette M. Haviland. New York: Guilford Press, c1993. (CSB BF561 .H35 1993)
Scherer, K. R. "Vocal Affect Signaling: A Comparative Approach." In Advances in the Study of Behavior. Vol. 15. Pp. 189-244. (SJU QL750 .A38)
Emotion and Facial Expression
Russell, James. The Psychology of Facial Expressions. 1997. (BF592.F33 P78 1997)
Buck, Ross. The Communication of Emotion. (BF531 .B78 1984)
The Human Face: Emotions, Identities and Masks. Created and Produced by Dane Archer. (MEDIA VIDEO BF851 .H85 1996) [Video recording]
Plutchik, Robert. Emotion: A Psychoevolutionary Synthesis. 1980. (LJM)
Scherer, Klaus R. Facets of Emotion. 1988. (BF531.F33 1988)
Landau, Terry. About Faces. 1989. (GN64.L26.1989)
Matthews, Michael L. "Discrimination of Identikit Construction of Faces. Evidence for a Dual Processing Strategy." Perception and Psychophysics 23, 2 (1978): 153-161. (SJU)
Clark, Margret S. Emotion. (BF511 .C53 1992)
Malatesta, Carol Z. "The Development of Emotion Expression During the First Two Years of Life," with Commentary by Alan Fogel and Mark Reimers, Gail Zivin, and a Reply by the Authors. (LB1103 .S6 v.54 no.1-2)
Ekman, Paul. Emotion in the Human Face: Guide-lines for Research and an Itegration of Findings. (BF561 .E45 1972)
Anderson, Peter A., and Laura K. Guerrero. Handbook of Communication and Emotion: Research, Theory, Applications, and Contexts. (BF637.C45 H283 1998)
Davitz, Joel Robert. The Language of Emotion.(BF591 .D364)
Sex Differences
Mealey, L. Sex Differences: Development and Evolutionary Strategies. Academic Press, 2000.
Campbell, Anne. The Opposite Sex. 1989. (BF692.2.O77 1989)
Henley, Nancy. Body Politics: Power, Sex, and Nonverbal Communication. (BF637.C45 H44)
McGee, Mark G. Human Spatial Abilities: Sources of Sex Differences. (BF469 .M3)
Ghesuiere, J., R. D. Martin, and F. Newcom. Human Sexual Dimorphism. (QP251 H846 1985)
The Human Sexes. Partridge Films; The Learning Channel, a Discovery Network. (VIDEOTAPE CASSETTE HQ1075 .M68 1997) [Video recording]
Geary, David C. Male, Female: The Evolution of Human Sex Differences. (QP81.5 .G43 1998)
Dennen, J. M. G. van der. The Nature of the Sexes: The Sociobiology of Sex Differences and the "Battle of the Sexes". (BF692.2 .N38 1992)
Hall, Judith A. Nonverbal Sex Differences: Communication Accuracy and Expressive Style. (BF637.C45 H28 1984)
Mayo, Clara, and Nancy M. Henley. Gender and Nonverbal Behavior. (BF637.C45 G45)
Tannen, Deborah. Gender and Discourse. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. (CSB P120.S48 T36 1994)
———. Talking from 9 To 5: How Women's and Men's Conversational Styles Affect Who Gets Heard, Who Gets Credit, and What Gets Done at Work. New York: W. Morrow, c1994. (CSB HF5718 .T36 1994)
———. You Just Don't Understand: Women and Men in Conversation. New York: Morrow, c1990. (CSB & SJU HQ734 .T24 1990)
Moore, Jim. "Book Review of The Egalitarians -- Human and Chimpanzee_ by Margaret Power." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 88 (1992): 259-262.
Bekoff, Marc. "Deep Ethology." In Intimate Relationships, Embracing the Natural World. Kosmos, (1997).
Cotnoir, Pierre-Alain, Jacques P. Beaugrand, and Claude Goulet. "DES DIFFÉRENCES LIÉES AU SEXE DANS LES STRATÉGIES DE RÉPARTITION SPATIALE CHEZ DES POISSONS PORTE-ÉPÉE (XIPHOPHORUS HELLERI) MAINTENUS EN CAPTIVITÉ." Naturaliste Canadien (Rev. Écol. Syst.) 113 (1986): 257-262.
Muscarella, Frank, Bernhard Fink, Karl Grammer, and Michael Kirk-Smith. "Homosexual Orientation in Males: Evolutionary and Ethological Aspects." Neiroendocrinology Letters 22,6 (2001): 393-400.
PubMed abstract: Evolutionary theory proposes that adaptive traits are reproduced more successfully than maladaptive traits. Accordingly, natural selection should favor heterosexuality as it facilitates reproduction and the propagation of genes. However, the question becomes, what has maintained homosexuality in a small but consistent percentage of the human population? Research into the evolutionary and hormonal factors associated with a homosexual orientation have yielded provocative but inconsistent results. It also suggests that human sexual orientation, and in particular homosexual orientation, is too complex to be described by one simple model or a single research discipline. The current paper treads a new path and emphasizes an integrative approach for the understanding of homosexuality. The authors examine the combined effects of evolutionary factors and neurohormonal processes on the development of a homosexual orientation. It is suggested that research into the topic could benefit from an examination of and change in some of the assumptions upon which much past research has been based.
Beaugrand, Jacques P. Modèles de dominance et théorie de l'évolution. In Darwin Après Darwin, Québec: PUQ. Edited by Joseph Lévy and Henri É. Cohen. 1983, pp. 110-137. Presses de l'Université du Québec (PUQ).
Snyder, Peter J., James D. Weinrich, and Richard C. Pillard. "Personality and Lipid Level Differences Associated with Homosexual and Bisexual Identity in Men." Archives of Sexual Behavior 23 (1994): 433-451.
PubMed abstract: Self-identified homosexual (n = 30), bisexual (n = 29), and heterosexual (n = 31) men were compared on measures of gender-typical behavior, sex role, ego strength, and lipid levels. Homosexual men differed significantly from the heterosexual men on the gender-typical behavior and feminine sex-role measure (both in adulthood and in childhood), and several trends and significant differences were found on the biochemical measures of lipid levels (especially when 7 obese men were removed from the analyses). As a rule, the bisexual men were different from the heterosexual men on the above measures, but were indistinguishable from the homosexual men. Bisexuals differed from both of the other two groups, however, by scoring lower on the ego strength scale and by reporting themselves to be more often troubled, lonely, and depressed. We caution that the lipid analyses were made on single blood samples and require an extended replication; however, we report the data because of their possible theoretical interest and because they replicate work of 20 years ago.
Pheromones
Stoddart, Micahel P. The Scented Ape. 1990. (QP458.S77 1990)
Corbin, Alan. The Foul and the Fragrant. 1986. (GT 2847.C6713 1986)
Engen, Trygg. Odor Sensation and Memory. 1991. (QP 458.E52 1991)
Shorey, Harry. Animal Communication by Pheromones. (QL776 .S54)
Short, R. V., and E. Balaban. The Differences Between the Sexes. (QP81.5 .D54 1994)
Stoddart, David Michael. Mammalian Odours and Pheromones. (QL739.2 .S8)
Kohl, James V., Michaela Atzmueller, Bernhard Fink, and Karl Grammer. "Human Pheromones: Integrating Neuroendocrinology and Ethology." Neuroendocrinology Letters 22, 5 (2001): 309-321.
PubMed abstract: The effect of sensory input on hormones is essential to any explanation of mammalian behavior, including aspects of physical attraction. The chemical signals we send have direct and developmental effects on hormone levels in other people. Since we don t know either if, or how, visual cues might have direct and developmental effects on hormone levels in other people, the biological basis for the development of visually perceived human physical attraction is currently somewhat questionable. In contrast, the biological basis for the development of physical attraction based on chemical signals is well detailed.
Clothing
Ewing. Dress and Undress. 1978. (GT 2073.E89)
Kohler, Carl. A History of Costume. 1963. (GT 510.K6)
Mansfield, Alan. Ceremonial Costume. 1980. (GT 1755.G7 M36)
Ryan, Mary. Clothing: A Study In Human Behavior. 1966. (GT 521.R9)
Hope, Thomas. Costumes of the Greeks. 1962. (GT 595.H6)
Latzke, Alpha, and Helen Hostetter. The Wide World of Clothing. 1968. (TT 507 L32)
Boehn, Max V. Ornaments. 1970. (GT 2050 B613)
Hartley, A. Medieval Costume and Life. 1931. (GT 732.H3)
Roach, Mary Ellen, and Joanne Eicher. The Visible Self: Perspectives on Dress. 1973. (GT 521 R57)
Horn, Marilyn. The Second Skin. 1968. (GT 521 H67)
DeMarly, Diana. Fashion for Men. 1985. (GT 1710.D3)
Bell, Quentin. On Human Finery. 1976. (GT 521.B4)
Warwick, Pitz, and Wychoff. Early American Dress. 1965. (GT 605.H64 v.2)
Hanson, H. H. Costumes and Styles. 1956. (GT 510.H33)
O'Hara, Georgina. The Encyclopedia of Fashion. 1986. (GT 507.O53)
Laver, James. Dress. 1966. (GT 580.L28)
Gorsline, Douglas. What People Wore. 1974. (GT 513.G6)
Wilcox, R. Turner. The Mode in Costume. 1958. (GT 510.W55)
Peacock, John. Costume: 1066-1966. 1986. (GT 730.P43)
Squire, Geoffrey. Dress in Society: 1560-1970. 1974. (GT 720.S6)
Scott, Steven. Why Do They Dress That Way? 1986. (BX 4950.S35)
Davis, Fred. Fashion, Culture, and Identity. 1992. (GT 525.D38 1992)
Brown, Percy Clement. (1886). Art in Dress. 1922. (TT515 .B88 1993)
Tarlo, Emma. Clothing Matters: Dress and Identity in India. (GT1460 .T37 1996)
Hotchkiss, Valerie R. Clothes Make the Man: Female Cross Dressing in Medieval Europe. 1960. (HQ77 .H67 1996)
Hall, Lee. Common Threads: A Parade of American Clothing. (GT605 .H35 1992)
Roche, Daniel. The Culture of Clothing: Dress and Fashion in the "Ancien Regime". (GT857 .R6313 1994)
Hines, Dick. Dressing for Worship: A Fresh Look at What Christians Wear in Church. (BX5141.A1 G75 no.138)
Boscagli, Maurizia. Eye on the Flesh: Fashions of Masculinity in the Early Twentieth Century. (GT720 .B67 1996)
Perrot, Philippe. Fashioning the Bourgeoisie: A History of Clothing in the Nineteenth Century. (GT871 .P3913 1994)
Kirkham, Pat. The Gendered Objects. (BF692.2 G466 1996)
Chenoune, Farid. A History of Men's Fashion. (GT1710 .C44 1993)
"Manual on school Uniforms." (GOVERNMENT DOCUMENT ED 1.2:97031091) (Electronic Resource)
Harvey, John Robert. Men in Black. (PR149.C67 H37 1995)
Peacock, John. Men's Fashion: The Complete Sourcebook. 1943. (GT1710 .P43 1996)
Buzzaccarini, Vittoria de. Men's Coats. (OVERSIZE GT2079 .B89 1994)
Costantino, Maria. Men's Fashion in the Twentieth Century: From Frock Coats to Intelligent Fibres. (GT1710 .C67 1997)
Police Body Armor Standards and Testing. Washington, D.C.: Congress of the U.S., Office of Technology Assessment. (GOVERNMENT DOCUMENT Y 3.T 22/2:2 P 75/2/v.1-)
Police Body Armor: Consumer Product List. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs. (GOVERNMENT DOCUMENT J 28.2:P 75/13)
Arthur, Linda B. Religion, Dress, and the Body. (GT525 .R44 1999)
Hollander, Anne. Sex and Suits. (GT525 .H65 1994)
Molloy, John T. The Woman's Dress for Success Book. 1977. (TX 340.M59)
Furstenberg, Egon von. The Power Look. 1978. (TT 507.V65)
Thourlby, William. You Are What You Wear. 1978. (TT 507.T47)
Wallach, Janet. Looks That Work. 1986. (TT 507.W2169 1986)
Hix, Charles. Dressing Right. 1978. (TT 618.H58)
Machine Interfaces
Argyle, M., and M. Cook. Gaze and Mutual Gaze. England: Cambridge University Press, 1976.
Argyle, M., L. Lefebvre, and M. Cook. "The Meaning of Five Patterns of Gaze." European Journal of Social Psychology 4, 2 (1974): 125-136.
Bolt, R. A. "Conversing With Computers." Technology Review, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, Feb./Mar. 1985.
———. "The Integrated Multimodal Interface." The Transactions of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers (Japan) J79-D, 11 (Nov. 1987): 2017-2025.
Effron, D. Gesture, Race and Culture. The Hague: Mouton, 1941/1972.
Ekman, P. "About Brows: Emotional and Conversational Signals." In Human Ethology. Edited by M. Von Cranach, K. Foppa, W. Lepenies and D. Ploog. 1979, pp. 169-249.
Ekman, P., and W. Friesen. "The Repertoire of Non-Verbal Behavior: Categories, Origins, Usage, and Coding." Semiotica 1 (1969): 49-98.
Goodwin, C. "Gestures as a Resource for the Organization of Mutual Orientation." Semiotica 62, 1/2 (1986): 29-49.
———. Conversational Organization: Interaction between Speakers and Hearers. New York, N.Y.: Academic Press, 1981.
Kahneman, D. Attention and Effort. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc., 1973.
Kleinke, C. "Gaze and Eye Contact: A Research Review." Psychological Bulletin 100, 1 (1986): 78-100.
Koons, D. B., C. J. Sparrell, and K. R. Thórisson. "Integrating Simultaneous Input from Speech, Gaze and Hand Gestures." Chap. 11 in Intelligent Multi-Media Interfaces. Edited by M. T. Maybury. Cambridge, MA: AAAI Press/MIT Press, 1993, pp. 252-276.
Laurel, B. "Interface Agents: Metaphors with Character." In The Art of Human-Computer Interface Design. Edited by B. Laurel. 1990, pp. 355-365.
Lord, C., and M. M. Haith. "The Perception of Eye Contact." Perception & Psychophysics 16, 3 (1974): 413-16. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.
McNeill, D. Hand and Mind: What Gestures Reveal about Thought. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1992. Nespolous, J-L & Lecours, A. R. (1986).
Pierrehumbert, J., and J. Hirschberg. "The Meaning of Intonational Contours in the Interpretation of Discourse." In Intentions in Communication. Edited by P. R. Cohen, J. Morgan and M. E. Pollack. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1990.
Rimé, B., and L. Schiaratura. "Gesture and Speech." In Fundamentals of Nonverbal Behavior. Edited by R. S. Feldman and B. Rimé. New York Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, 1991, pp. 239-281.
Computer Simulations of Behavior
Maes, P., ed. Designing Autonomous Agents: Theory and Practice from Biology to Engineering and Back. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Elsevier, 1990.
Mayer, J. A., and S. Wilson, eds. From Animals to Animats. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1991.
Nii, P. "Blackboard Systems." In The Handbook of Artificial Intelligence. Edited by A. Barr, P. R. Cohen and E. A. Feigenbaum. Vol. 4, Reading MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1989, pp. 1-74.
Selfridge, O. G. "Pandemonium: A Paradigm for learning." In Proceedings of the Symposium on the Mechanization of Thought Processes. 1959, pp. 511-529.
Computational learning theory and natural learning systems. Editors: Hanson SJ, Drastal GA, Rivest RL. MIT Press 1994-1997 (Bradford Books).
v.1: Constraints and prospects.
v.2: Intersections between theory and experiment. (additional editors: Petsche T, Kearns M)
v.3: Selecting good models. (editors: Petsche T, Hanson SJ & Shavlik JW)
v.4: Making learning systems practical. (ed.: Greiner R)
Neal RM., Bayesian learning for neural networks. New York: Springer, 1996. (Lecture notes in statistics, v. 118), 183 pp.
Brooks, R. 1986. A Robust Layered Control System for a Mobile Robot. IEEE Journal of Robotics and Automation, RA-2 (1): 14-23.
Yoon, S.-Y., Blumberg, B. M. and Schneider, G. E. 2000. Motivation Driven Learning for Interactive Synthetic Characters. In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Autonomous Agents. New York, NY.: ACM Press. Forthcoming.
Song-Yee Yoon, Robert C. Burke, Bruce M. Blumberg, Gerald E. Schneider. Interactive Training for Synthetic Characters (2000)
Proceedings AAAI/IAAI, pp. 249-254.
B. Blumberg (1996) Old tricks, new dogs: Ethology and interactive creatures. Ph.D. thesis in Media Arts and Sciences, M.I.T., Cambridge, MA.
B. Blumberg, P. Todd and P. Maes (1996) No bad dogs: Ethological lessons for learning. In: From Animals to Animats, Proc. Fourth Intenational Conf on the Simulation of Adaptive Behavior. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
B. Blumberg (1994) Action-selection in hamsterdam: Lessons from ethology. In: From Animals to Animats, Proc. Third International Conf on the Simulation of Adaptive Behavior. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
C. Kline and B. Blumberg (1999) The art and science of synthetic character design. In: Proc. AISB 1999 Symposium on AI and Creativity in Entertainment and Visual Art, Edinburgh, Scotland.
Humphrys, Mark. "Action Selection in a Hypothetical House Robot: Using those RL Numbers." In Proceedings Proceedings of the First International ICSC Symposia on Intelligent Industrial Automation (IIA-96) and Soft Computing. Edited by Peter G. Anderson and Kevin Warwick. Reading, England, 1996, pp. 216-222.
———. "Action Selection Methods using Reinforcement Learning." In Proceedings from Animals to Animats 4: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior. Edited by Pattie Maes, Maja Mataric, Jean-Arcady Meyer, Jordan Pollack and Stewart W. Wilson. Massachusetts, USA, 1996, pp. 135-144.
Beaugrand, Jacques P. "Relative Importance of Initial Individual Differences, Victory and Defeat Experiences, and Assessment Accuracy During Hierarchy Formation: A Simulation Study." Behavioural Processes 41 (1997): 177-192.
Humphrys, Mark. "Towards Self-organising Action Selection." Technical Report, Technical Report no. 255, Department of Computer Science, University of Essex, 1995.
Prem, Erich. "Epistemic Autonomy in Models of Living Systems." In Proceedings Fourth European Conference on Artificial Life. Edited by Phil Husbands and Inman Harvey. Brighton, Great Britain, 1997, pp. 2-9.
Oliphant, M. "Evolving Cooperation in the Non-iterated Prisoner's Dilemma: The Importance of Spatial Organization." In Proceedings Proceedings of the Fourth Artificial Life Workshop. Edited by R. Brooks and Maes. Boston, MA, 1998, pp. 349-352.
Beauty/Images of Women
Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I. Human Ethology. N.Y.: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1989.
Lakoff, Robin Tolmach. Face Value. 1984. (RA 778.L24 1984)
Lesser, Wendy. His Other Half. 1991. (NX 652.W6 L4 1991)
Banta, Martha. Imaging American Women. 1987. (NX 652.W6 B36 1987)
Banner, Lois W. American Beauty. (HQ 1410.B36 1983)
Gladue, Brian A., and H. Jean Delany. "Gender Differences in Perception of Men and Women in Bars." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 16, 2 (June 1990): 378-391.
Cunningham, Michael R. "Measuring the Physical in Physical Attractiveness:..." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 50, 5 (1986): 925-935. (SJU Holdings)
Mealey, L. "Bulking Up: The Roles of Gender and Sexual Orientation on Attempts to Manipulate Physical Attractiveness." Journal of Sex Research 34, 2 (1997): 223-228. (LJM)
Mealey, L., R. Bridgstock, and G. Townsend. "Symmetry and Perceived Facial Attractiveness: A Monozygotic Co-twin Comparison." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology76 (1999): 157-165. (SJU)
PubMed abstract: Symmetry is a major correlate of physical attractiveness across species, including humans. Investigating the nature of this relationship has been difficult, however, for several reasons, including the facts that variance in symmetry is attributable to more than one source and is often correlated with other variables related to attractiveness. This study assessed the role of facial symmetry in relation to perceptions of facial attractiveness. Some of the natural covariates of symmetry were controlled for by comparing the symmetry and attractiveness differentials between monozygotic co-twins, who are genetically, but not developmentally, identical. The more symmetric twin of a pair was consistently rated as more attractive, and the magnitude of the difference between twins in perceived attractiveness was directly related to the magnitude of the difference in symmetry.
Art, Music and Dance
Hanna, Judith Lynne. To Dance is Human: A Theory of Nonverbal Communication. (GV1603 .H36)
Rentschler, I., B. Herzberger, and D. Epstein. Beauty and the Brain. 1988. (BH301.P45 B43 1988)
Dissanayake, Ellen. Homo Aestheticus: Where Art Comes From and Why. 1992. (BH39.D56 1992)
Robinson, Jenefer. Music & Meaning. (ML3845 .M96 1997)
Signs and Symbols
Sternberg, Martin L. A. American Sign Language Concise Dictionary. 1990. (HV2475.S77 1990).
Koch, Rudolf. The Book of Signs. Translated from the German by Vyvyan Holland. (The book contains all manner of symbols used from the earliest times to the Middle Ages by primitive peoples and early Christians, collected, drawn and explained by Rudolf Koch.) (AZ108 .K62 1955)
Liungman, Carl G. Dictionary of Symbols. 1938. (REFERENCE BL603 .L5413 1991)
Carr-Gomm, Sarah. The Dictionary of Symbols in Western Art. (REFERENCE N7740 .C29 1995)
Tresidder, Jack. Dictionary of Symbols: An Illustrated Guide to Traditional Images, Icons, and Emblems. (REFERENCE GR931 .T74 1998)
Samoyault, Tiphaine. Give Me a Sign!: What Pictograms Tell us Without Words. (JUVENILE P53.7 .S2613 1997)
Bruce-Mitford, Miranda. The Illustrated Book of Signs & Symbols. (REFERENCE AZ108 .B78 1996)
Elder, Charles D. The Political Uses of Symbols. (JA74 .E39 1983)
Biezais, Haralds. Symposium on Religious Symbols and Their Functions. Turku, Finland, 1978. (Religious symbols and their functions: based on papers read at the Symposium on Religious Symbols and Their Functions, held at Abo on the 28th-30th of August 1978.) (BL603 .S95 1978)
Smeets, Rene. Signs, Symbols & Ornament. (NK1520 .S613)
Deception
Schrank, Jeffrey. Deception Detection: An Educator's Guide to the Art of Insight.(HF5822 .S287)
Lewis, Michale, and Carolyn Saarni Lewis. Lying and Deception in Everyday Life. (BF637.D42 L49 1993)
Ekman, Paul. Telling Lies: An Analysis of Lies, Liars, and Lie Catchers. New York: Norton, c1985. (CSB BJ1421 .E36 1985 )
Persuasion: Advertising, Politics
Rosenfeld, Paul, et al. "Of Status and Suits: Personal Space Invasions in an Administrative Setting." Social Behavior and Personality 15, 1 (1987).
Capaldi, Nicholas. The Art of Deception. 1987. (BC175.C33 1971 Edition)
Karlins, and Abelson. Persuasion. 1970. (BF 637.P4 K27)
Dichter. Handbook of Consumer Motivation. 1964. (HF 5415.3 D5)
Abelson, and Hubert. Persuasion. 1959. (BF 637.P4)
Fotheringham, Wallace. Perspectives on Persuasion. 1966. (BF 637.P4 F6)
Robertson. Consumer Behavior. 1970. (HF 5415.3 R57)
Brembeck, Winston. Persuasion, A Means of Social Influence. 1976. (BF 637.P4 B65)
Thompson. The Process of Persuasion. 1975. (BF 637.P4 T46)
Hart, Roderick P. Verbal Style and the Presidency. 1984. (PN 4055.U53 P643)
Masters, Roger D. The Nature of Politics. 1989. (JA80.M37 1989)
Goodrum, and Dalrymple. Advertising in America. 1990. (HF5813.U6 G64 1990)
Rank, Hugh. The Pep Talk. 1984. (PE 1431.R36)
Related Resources
The links below are online references for additional resources in the field of human ethology. These range from professional societies that maintain links to areas that any reader can explore in this field. Many of the linked sites provide resources for further study, as well as downloadable resources that can be used for classroom teaching.
Evolutionary Psychology
Evolutionary Psychology: A Primer. Leda Cosmides & John Tooby, Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara.
The Evolutionary Psychology FAQ. This FAQ is written and maintained by Edward Hagen, formerly of the Center for Evolutionary Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara, and now at the Institute for Theoretical Biology in Berlin. The FAQ assumes a basic knowledge of genes and natural selection. Its purpose is to outline the "meta-theoretical" foundations of evolutionary psychology. That is, it aims to explain the framework within which hypotheses about evolved psychological function should be formulated.
Ethology and Evolution on the Web. Study of human ethology, evolutionary psychology, and related fields.
Cognition
The Cognitive Science Society has the latest news and information on conferences, funding, and employment, along with a host of related conferences.
The Cognitive Neuroscience Society is committed to the development of mind and brain research aimed at investigating the psychological, computational, and neuroscientific bases of cognition.
The American Psychological Society promotes, protects, and advances the interests of scientifically oriented psychology in research, application, teaching, and the improvement of human welfare.
The Organization for Human Brain Mapping provides an educational forum for the exchange of up-to-the-minute and ground-breaking research across modalities exploring human brain mapping.
The Federation of Behavioral, Psychological and Cognitive Sciences is a coalition of member organizations, university departments of psychology, schools of education, research centers, regional psychological associations, and science divisions of the American Psychological Association.
Linguistics
The American Association for Applied Linguistics is a professional organization of scholars who are interested in and actively contribute to the multi-disciplinary field of applied linguistics.
The American Philological Association is the principal learned society for classical studies of ancient Greek and Roman languages, literatures, and civilizations.
The International Speech Communication Association covers all the aspects of speech communication (acoustics, phonetics, phonology, linguistics, natural language processing, artificial intelligence, cognitive science, signal processing, pattern recognition, etc.
Epigraphic Society is concerned with the discovery and decipherment of ancient inscriptions.
The Philological Society is devoted to the scholarly study of language and languages.
Neuroscience
The Society for Neuroscience addresses the study of brain development, sensation and perception, learning and memory, movement, sleep, stress, aging and neurological and psychiatric disorders. It also includes the molecules, cells and genes responsible for nervous system functioning.
The International Brain Research Organization was founded to enhance the mobilization and utilization of the world's scientific resources for research on the brain.
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the steward of medical and behavioral research for the United States, governed under the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
The National Science Foundation fosters the interchange of scientific information among scientists and engineers in the United States and foreign countries.
The American Academy of Neurology provides valuable resources for medical specialists worldwide who are committed to improving the care of patients with neurological diseases
American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. The field of neuropsychopharmacology involves the evaluation of the effects of natural and synthetic compounds upon the brain, mind, and human behavior.
The purpose of the European Brain and Behaviour Society is the exchange of information between European scientists interested in the relationship of brain mechanisms and behavior.
The Federation of European Neuroscience Societies was established to advance research and education in the neurosciences.
The American Society for Neurochemistry advances and promotes the science of neurochemistry and related.
The American Society for Neural Transplantation and Repair is composed of basic and clinical neuroscientists who utilize transplantation and related technologies to better understand the way the nervous system functions and establish new procedures for its repair in response to trauma or neurodegenerative disease.
The American Epilepsy Society is committed to the support and enhancement of the study, acquisition, dissemination, and application of knowledge concerning epilepsy—biological, clinical, and social.
The Society for Endocrinology aims to promote the advancement of public education in endocrinology.
The Human Frontier Science Program supports novel, innovative, and interdisciplinary basic research focused on the complex mechanisms of living organisms; topics range from molecular and cellular approaches to systems and cognitive neuroscience.
The International Affairs Committee (SfN and US NAS) supports neuroscientists worldwide through professional training and international collaboration.
The International Behavioural and Neural Genetics Society works to promote the field of neurobehavioral genetics.
The International Behavioral Neuroscience Society encourages research and education in the field of behavioral neuroscience.
The goal of the International Neuromodulation Society is to to increase the understanding of the mechanisms of neuromodulation and to evaluate existing and new applications.
The International Society for Autonomic Neuroscience is a society comprising of researchers, medical professionals, academics, industry professionals and students working with the autonomic nervous system.
International Society for Developmental Neuroscience is an organization of basic and clinical scientists who are interested in the development of the nervous system in the broadest sense. Many ISDN members are also interested in aspects of aging, as well as neuronal dysfunctions associated with trauma or disease.
International Society for Neurochemistry. This portal is provided to the neurochemistry community to facilitate the worldwide advancement of neurochemistry and related neuroscience discipline.
Brain Pathology is the official publication of International Society for Neuropathology.
The International Society for Psychoneuroendocrinology promotes and disseminates knowledge on hormones, their interactions with brain, and body processes and behavior, as well as their clinical applications.
The Movement Disorder Society is an international professional society of clinicians, scientists, and other healthcare professionals, who are interested in Parkinson's disease, related neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, hyperkinetic movement disorders, and abnormalities in muscle tone and motor control.
The Neurosciences Institute is a not-for-profit research center dedicated to "high risk-high payoff" research designed to discover the biological basis of higher-level brain functions in humans.
The Society for Behavioral Neuroendocrinology is a scientific society committed to understanding interactions between behavior and neuroendocrine function to advance understanding of behavioral neuroendocrinology.
The National Aphasia Association promotes public education, research, rehabilitation and support services to assist people with aphasia and their families.
National Headache Foundation educates headache sufferers and healthcare professionals about headache causes and treatments.
The National Institute on Aging leads a broad scientific effort to understand the nature of aging and to extend the healthy, active years of life.
The National Multiple Sclerosis Society promotes research, educates, advocates on critical issues, and organizes a wide range of programs, including support for the newly diagnosed and those living with MS over time.
|
|
|
|
|
Rating:
0 user(s) have rated this courseware
Views:
18860
|
|
|
|
|