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Abstract/Syllabus:
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Paxson, Heather, 21A.231J Gender, Sexuality, and Society, Spring 2006. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Accessed 09 Jul, 2010). License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
Gender, Sexuality, and Society
Spring 2006
A sign for a unisex bathroom. It captures the symbolic, ideological, and institutional nature of the gender/sex dilemma. (Photo courtesy of Ryan Jerz.)
Course Highlights
This course features thorough lecture notes, a detailed list of all assigned readings, and a diverse collection of related resources.
Course Description
This course seeks to examine how people experience gender - what it means to be a man or a woman - and sexuality in a variety of historical and cultural contexts. We will explore how gender and sexuality relate to other categories of social identity and difference, such as race and ethnicity, economic and social standing, urban or rural life, etc. One goal of the class is to learn how to critically assess media and other popular representations of gender roles and stereotypes. Another is to gain a greater sense of the diversity of human social practices and beliefs in the United States and around the world.
Syllabus
Classes will integrate lecture and discussion. Occasionally we will break into small groups for more concentrated discussion. Some lectures will directly engage our readings while others will integrate background historical and theoretical information.
Course Requirements
Participation
You must attend class and participate in discussions; this part of the course, including Reader Responses (see below), will account for 25% of the final grade. Writing Reader Responses will help you feel prepared to speak up in class; if a student does not volunteer, she or he may be called upon to speak. You are expected to keep up with all assigned readings. Students who miss more than 3 classes will lose credit.
Reading Responses
Reading responses consist of a couple paragraphs describing your reaction to one or more of the readings for that session. Do not summarize, but rather give us your response to the reading. These should take no more than 30 minutes to write. While reader responses are not individually graded, they will be factored into the overall evaluation of your performance. You will write five over the course of the term. You will be encouraged to post these on the online class forum prior to the class for which they are due to share your thoughts with your classmates.
Argumentative Essays
You will write 3 papers, each counting for 25% of your final grade. The first paper will address the relationship between gender/sexuality and political economy. The second paper will discuss a socially/politically controversial topic concerning gender/sexuality. The third paper may examine the role of gender and sexuality in the construction of personal identity, and can include personal reflection. There is no final examination.
Grades
Course grading.
ACTIVITIES |
PERCENTAGES |
Participation and Reader Responses |
25% |
First Paper |
25% |
Second Paper |
25% |
Third Paper |
25% |
Communication Intensive
This is a Communication Intensive (CI) subject. Your three papers will be 7-8 pages (roughly 2000 words) each. You will rewrite the first two papers in light of the comments received on them. The revised draft is the version that will be graded. Rewriting the third paper is optional. Because this is a CI subject, you will automatically pass Phase 1 of the Writing Requirement if you receive a grade of B or better.
Writing Tutor
We are fortunate to have a writing tutor for this course. You are required to make an appointment with her to discuss the progress of your first paper. You will be expected to meet with the writing tutor before submitting each draft and revised paper to the instructor.
Presentation
Students will give a 5-10 minute presentation of the third paper, time limit to be determined on the basis of enrollment. Presentations are factored into the participation grade. Rehearsing is advisable.
Due Dates
The first two papers are due in Lec #9 and Lec #17. You will get the papers back no later than one week after they have been handed in, and must submit your rewrite one week later (Lec #12 and Lec #20, respectively). If you plan on revising the third paper, the first version must be handed in by Lec #23. The third paper is due in Lec #25.
Calendar
Lec # |
Topics |
Key Dates |
1 |
Introduction to the Study of Gender and Sexuality: The Sex/Gender System |
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Part I: Concepts and Themes |
2 |
Is Sex to Gender as Nature is to Culture? |
Reading response due in class |
3 |
Cultural Acquisition of Gender as Learned Behavior |
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Part II: Gender as a Social Institution |
4 |
Arranged Marriage and Inheritance in Agricultural and Pastoral Societies |
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5 |
Science, Republicanism and The Woman Question |
Handout paper topics
Make appointment to meet with writing tutor in the next couple of weeks |
6 |
Social Reproduction: Reproducing Formal and Informal Class Relations |
Reading response due in class |
7 |
Women in the Global Economy (No Lecture) |
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8 |
Gender, Work and Professionalization |
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9 |
Gender and Agency |
First paper due |
10 |
Appetite, Image, Control |
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Part III: Gender and Sexuality as Identity |
11 |
The Invention of Sexuality-based Identities |
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12 |
Coming Out and Leaving the Closet Behind |
First paper rewrite due |
13 |
Other Genders/Sexualities |
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14 |
Transvestite Lives and Sex Work |
Reading response due in class |
15 |
Transgender and Transexualism in the U.S. |
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16 |
Intersexuality |
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17 |
Do Western Sexual Identities Travel? |
Second paper due |
18 |
Sexism, Racism and Violence |
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Part IV: Reproductive Politics and Gendered Citizenship |
19 |
De-essentializing Sex/Gender/Kinship |
Reading response due in class |
20 |
Fetal Images and Abortion Debates |
Second paper rewrite due |
21 |
Nationalism, Reproductive Politics and Gender |
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22 |
Making Modern Mothers |
Reading response due in class (can include questions for the author!)
Proposal for third paper due |
23 |
Making Modern Mothers (cont.) |
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24 |
Student Presentations |
|
25 |
Student Presentations (cont.) |
Third paper due |
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Further Reading:
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Readings
Required Texts
Eugenides, Jeffrey. Middlesex. First Picador ed. New York, NY: Picador, 2003. ISBN: 9780312422158.
Prieur, Annick. Mema’s House, Mexico City: On Transvestites, Queens, and Machos. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1998. ISBN: 9780226682563.
Paxson, Heather. Making Modern Mothers: Ethics and Family Planning in Urban Greece. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2004. ISBN: 9780520223714.
Readings by Session
Course readings.
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LEC #
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TOPICS
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READINGS
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1
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Introduction to the Study of Gender and Sexuality: The Sex/Gender System
|
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Part I: Concepts and Themes
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2
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Is Sex to Gender as Nature is to Culture?
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Hubbard, Ruth. "Rethinking Women's Biology." In The Politics of Women's Biology. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1990, pp. 119-129. ISBN: 9780813514895.
Fausto-Sterling, Anne. "The Five Sexes." The Sciences (March/April 1993): 20-24.
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3
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Cultural Acquisition of Gender as Learned Behavior
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Thorne, Barrie. "Children and Gender: Constructions of Difference." In Theoretical Perspectives on Sexual Difference. Edited by Deborah Rhode. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1990, pp. 100-113. ISBN: 9780300044270.
Le, Huynh-Nhu. "Never Leave Your Little One Alone: Raising an Ifaluk child." In A World of Babies: Imagined Childcare Guides for Seven Societies. Edited by Judy S. DeLoache and Alma Gottlieb. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2000, pp. 199-220. ISBN: 9780521664752.
Diener, Marissa. "Gift from the Gods: A Balinese Guide to Early Child Rearing." In A World of Babies: Imagined Childcare Guides for Seven Societies. Edited by Judy S. DeLoache and Alma Gottlieb. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2000, pp. 91-116. ISBN: 9780521664752.
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Part II: Gender as a Social Institution
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4
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Arranged Marriage and Inheritance in Agricultural and Pastoral Societies
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Begin reading Middlesex. Discuss through p. 125.
Collier, Jane. "From Mary to Modern Woman." American Ethnologist 13, no. 1 (1986): 100-107.
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5
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Science, Republicanism and The Woman Question
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Ehrenreich, Barbara, and Deirdre English. "Introduction: The Romantic Solution." In For Her Own Good: 150 Years of Experts' Advice to Women. Garden City, NY: Anchor Books, 1978, pp. 1-29. ISBN: 9780385126502.
Kapsalis, Teri. "Mastering the Female Pelvis: Race and the Tools of Reproduction." In Public Privates: Performing Gynaecology from Both Ends of the Speculum. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1997, pp. 31-59. ISBN: 9780822319283.
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6
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Social Reproduction: Reproducing Formal and Informal Class Relations
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Rapp, Rayna. "Family and Class in Contemporary America: Notes Toward an Understanding of Ideology." In Rethinking the Family: Some Feminist Questions. Edited by Barrie Thorne and Marilyn Yalolm. New York, NY: Longman, 1982, pp. 25-39. ISBN: 9780582282650.
Glenn, Evelyn Nakano. "From Servitude to Service Work: Historical Continuities in the Racial Division of Paid Reproductive Labor." In Unequal Sisters: A Multicultural Reader in U.S. Women's History. 3rd ed. Edited by Ellen C. DuBois and Vicki Ruiz. New York, NY: Routledge, 1999, pp. 436-459. ISBN: 9780415925167.
Romero, Mary. "Who Takes Care of the Maid's Children? Exploring the Costs of Domestic Service." In Feminism and Families. Edited by Hilde Lindeman Nelson. New York, NY: Routledge, 1996, pp. 151-169. ISBN: 9780415912532.
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7
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Women in the Global Economy (No Lecture)
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Freeman, Carla. "Designing Women: Corporate Discipline and Barbados's Off-Shore Pink-Collar Sector." Cultural Anthropology 8, no. 2 (1993): 169-186.
Film: Redmon, David. Mardi Gras: Made in China. DVD. Revised ed. Carinvalesque Films. Brooklyn, NY: D. Redmon, 2006.
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8
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Gender, Work and Professionalization
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Weston, Kath. "Production as Means, Production as Metaphor: Women's Struggle to Enter the Trades." In Uncertain Terms: Negotiating Gender in American Culture. Edited by Faye Ginsburg and Anna Lowenhaupt Tsing. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1991, pp. 137-151. ISBN: 9780807046128.
McDowell, Linda. "Body Work 1: Men Behaving Badly" and "Body Work II: The Masqueraders." In Capital Culture: Gender at Work in the City. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1997, pp. 158-203. ISBN: 9780631205302.
Williams, Rosalind. "Men and Women in a Technological World." In Retooling: A Historian Confronts Technological Change. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2002, pp. 198-211. ISBN: 9780262232234.
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9
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Gender and Agency
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Kandiyoti, Deniz. "Bargaining with Patriarchy." Gender and Society 2, no. 3 (1988): 274-290.
Abu-Lughod, Lila. "The Romance of Resistance." American Ethnologist 17, no. 1 (1990): 41-55.
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10
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Appetite, Image, Control
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Counihan, Carole M. "Food Rules in the United States: Individualism, Control, and Hierarchy." In The Anthropology of Food and Body: Gender, Meaning and Power. New York, NY: Routledge, 1999, pp. 113-128.
Gremillion, Helen. "In Fitness and in Health: Crafting Bodies in the Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa." Signs 27, no. 2 (2002): 381-414.
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Part III: Gender and Sexuality as Identity
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11
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The Invention of Sexuality-based Identities
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Katz, Jonathan Ned. "The Invention of Heterosexuality." Socialist Review 20, no. 1 (1990): 7-33.
Davis, Maxine. "The Importance of Sexual Harmony." In The Sexual Responsibility of Women. New York, NY: Dial Press, 1956, pp. 22-36.
Bérubé, Allan. "Marching to a Different Drummer: Lesbian and Gay GIs in World War II." In Powers of Desire: The Politics of Sexuality. Edited by Ann Snitow, Christine Stansell, and Sharon Thompson. New York, NY: Monthly Review Press, 1983, pp. 88-99. ISBN: 9780853456094.
Rich, Adrienne. "Compulsory Heterosexuality and the Lesbian Continuum." In Women-Sex and Sexuality. Edited by Catharine Stimpson and Ethel Spector Person. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1981, pp. 62-91. ISBN: 9780226774770.
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12
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Coming Out and Leaving the Closet Behind
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Stein, Arlene. Sex and Sensibility: Stories of a Lesbian Generation. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, chapters 1, 2 and 3, 1997. ISBN: 9780520202573.
Lewin, Ellen. "Wives, Mothers and Lesbians: Rethinking Resistance in the U.S." In Pragmatic Women and Body Politics. Edited by Margaret Lock and Patricia Kaufert. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1998, pp. 164-177. ISBN: 9780521629294.
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13
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Other Genders/Sexualities
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Herdt, Gilbert. "Gender and Socialization." In The Sambia: Ritual and Gender in New Guinea. Wadsworth Publishing; 1 edition, 1987, pp. 67-99. ISBN: 9780030689079.
Prieur, Annik. Mema's House. Chapter 1.
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14
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Transvestite Lives and Sex Work
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Prieur, Annik. Mema's House.
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15
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Transgender and Transexualism in the U.S.
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Heyes, Cressida J. "Feminist Solidarity after Queer Theory: The Case of Transgender." Signs 28, no. 4 (2003): 1093-1120.
Film: Schermerhorn, Candace, and Bestor Cram. You Don't Know Dick: Courageous Hearts of Transsexual Men. VHS. Berkeley, CA: University of California Extension Center for Media and Independent Learning, 1997.
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16
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Intersexuality
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Chase, Cheryl. "Hermaphrodites with Attitude." GLQ: Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 4, no. 2 (1998): 189-211.
Beeman, William, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Brown University. "What are you?" Baltimore Morning Sun, Sunday, March 17, 1996.
Discuss Middlesex.
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17
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Do Western Sexual Identities Travel?
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Swarr, Amanda Lock, and Richa Nagar. "Dismantling Assumptions: Interrogating 'Lesbian' Struggles for Identity and Survival in India and South Africa." Signs 29, no. 2 (2004): 493-516.
Wardlow, Holly. "Anger, Economy, and Female Agency: Problematizing 'Prostitution' and 'Sex Work' among the Huli of Papua New Guinea." Signs 29, no. 4 (2004): 1017-1040.
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18
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Sexism, Racism and Violence
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de Leonardo, Michaela. "White Lies, Black Myths: Rape, Race and the Black 'Underclass'." In The Gender/Sexuality Reader. Edited by Roger N. Lancaster and Michaela de Leonardo. New York, NY: Routledge, 1997, pp. 53-68. ISBN: 9780415910057.
Heise, Lori L. "Violence, Sexuality, and Women's Lives." In The Gender/Sexuality Reader. Edited by Roger N. Lancaster and Michaela de Leonardo. New York, NY: Routledge, 1997, pp. 411-433. ISBN: 9780415910057.
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Part IV: Reproductive Politics and Gendered Citizenship
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19
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De-essentializing Sex/Gender/Kinship
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Collier, Jane, Michelle Rosaldo, and Sylvia Yanagisako. "Is there a Family? New Anthropological Views." In Rethinking the Family: Some Feminist Questions. Edited by Barrie Thorne and Marilyn Yalolm. New York, NY: Longman, 1982, pp. 25-39. ISBN: 9780582282650.
Scheper-Hughes, Nancy. "Lifeboat Ethics." In The Gender/Sexuality Reader. Edited by Roger N. Lancaster and Michaela de Leonardo. New York, NY: Routledge, 1997, pp. 82-88. ISBN: 9780415910057.
Landsman, Gail. "'Real Motherhood', Class, and Children with Disabilities." In Ideologies and Technologies of Motherhood: Race, Class, Sexuality, Nationalism. Edited by France Winndance Twine and Helena Ragoné. New York, NY: Routledge, 2000, pp. 169-187.
Gailey, Christine Ward. "Ideologies of Motherhood and Kinship in U.S. Adoption." In Ideologies and Technologies of Motherhood: Race, Class, Sexuality, Nationalism. Edited by France Winndance Twine and Helena Ragoné. New York, NY: Routledge, 2000, pp. 11-55.
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20
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Fetal Images and Abortion Debates
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Petchesky, Rosalind. "Fetal Images: The power of visual culture in the politics of reproduction." Feminist Studies 13, no. 2 (1987): 263-292.
Banerjee, Neela. "Church Groups Turn to Sonogram to Turn Women From Abortions." New York Times, February 2, 2005, National section.
Layne, Linda L. "Baby Things as Fetishes? Memorial goods, Simulacra, and the 'Realness' Problem of Pregnancy Loss." In Ideologies and Technologies of Motherhood: Race, Class, Sexuality, Nationalism. Edited by France Winndance Twine and Helena Ragoné. New York, NY: Routledge, 2000, pp. 111-138.
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21
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Nationalism, Reproductive Politics and Gender
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Kanaaneh, Rhoda. "Conceiving Difference: Birthing the Palestinian Nation in the Galilee." Critical Public Health 7, nos. 3-4 (1997): 64-79.
———. "Boys or Men? Duped or 'Made'? Palestinian Soldiers in the Israeli Military." American Ethnologist 32, no. 2 (2005): 260-274.
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22
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Making Modern Mothers
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Paxson, Heather. Making Modern Mothers: Ethics and Family Planning in Urban Greece. Chapters 1-3.
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23
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Making Modern Mothers (cont.)
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Paxson, Heather. Making Modern Mothers: Ethics and Family Planning in Urban Greece. Chapters 4-5.
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24
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Student Presentations
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25
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Student Presentations (cont.)
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