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Thermodynamics for Geoscientists posted by boym on 2/12/2008

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12.480 Thermodynamics for Geoscientists

Fall 2006

Liquidus diagram for the system forsterite-diopside anorthite. Primary phase boundaries are shown for pressures of 0.1 and 700 MPa. (Image by Prof. Timothy Grove.)

Course Description

In this course, principles of thermodynamics are used to infer the physical conditions of formation and modification of igneous and metamorphic rocks. The course includes phase equilibria of homogeneous and heterogeneous systems and thermodynamic modeling of non-ideal crystalline solutions. It also surveys the processes that lead to the formation of metamorphic and igneous rocks in the major tectonic environments in the Earth's crust and mantle.

Syllabus

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Course Description

Recommended Texts

Greenwood, H. J., ed. "Mineralogical Association of Canada - Short Course in the Application of Thermodynamics to Petrology and Ore Deposits." Mineral Assoc Canada, 1977.

Wood, B. J., and D. G. Fraser. Elementary Thermodynamics for Geologists. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1977. ISBN: 9780198599265.

Fraser, D. G., ed. Thermodynamics in Geology. Boston, MA: D. Reidel Publishing Co., 1977. ISBN: 9789027707949.

Spear, F. S. "Metamorphic Phase Equilibria and Pressure-Temperature-Time Paths." In Monograph. Mineral Soc Amer, 1994. ISBN: 9780939950348.

Ricci, J. E. The Phase Rule and Heterogeneous Equilibrium. Temecula, CA: Textbook Publishers, 2003. ISBN: 0758110553.

Morse, S. A. Basalts and Phase Diagrams. New York, NY: Springer Verlag, 1980. ISBN: 9780387904771.

Ehlers, E. G. The Interpretation of Geological Phase Diagrams. New York, NY: W.H. Freeman & Co., 1972. ISBN: 9780716702542.

Other Useful Texts

Prewitt, C. T., ed. Reviews in Mineralogy. Vol. 7, Pyroxenes. Washington, DC: Mineralogical Society of America, 1980. ISBN: 9780939950072.

Kieffer, S. W., and A. Navrotsky, eds. Reviews in Mineralogy. Vol. 14, Microscopic to Macroscopic. Washington, DC: Mineralogical Society of America, 1985. ISBN: 9780939950188.

Carmichael, I. S. E., and H. P. Eugster, eds. Thermodynamic Modeling of Geologic Materials: Minerals, Fluids and Melts 17 (1987).

Nicholls, J., and J. K. Russell, eds. Reviews in Mineralogy. Vol. 24, Modern Methods of Igneous Petrology. Washington, DC: Mineralogical Society of America, 1990. ISBN: 9780939950294.

Calendar

Course calendar.
LEC #	TOPICS	KEY DATES
Part I: Solution properties of silicate minerals
1	Ideal solutions
2	Non-ideal solutions
3-4	Alkali and plagioclase feldspars solution models
5	Introduction to pyroxene thermometry Diopside - Enstatite
6	Thermodynamic properties of multi-site mineral solutions - Homogeneous equilibria
7	Pyroxene thermometry II, the quad
8-9	Spinels, rhombohedral oxides and T-ƒO₂ relations	Problem set 1 due
Part II: Heterogeneous equilibria in geologic systems
10	Heterogeneous equilibria in two - and three-component systems
11	Liquidus diagrams - Liquidus boundaries
12	Liquidus diagrams - Degeneracies and natural examples
13	Liquidus diagrams - Thermodynamic controls on boundaries
14	Schreinemaker's analysis - Multi-component systems
15	Choosing components - Representations of composition space
16	Heterogeneous reactions - The Gibbs method
17	Solution models for silicate melts-simple systems
18	Solution models for silicate melts-multicomponent systems	Problem set 2 due
19	Thermodynamic models of multicomponent systems - MELTS
20	Mixed volatile equilibria P-T-X_CO2-X_H2O

Readings

I. Solution Formulations for Non-ideal Systems

A. Single Site

Thompson, J. B., Jr. Researches in Geochem 2 (1967): 340-361.

Wohl, K. Trans Amer Inst Chem Eng 42 (1946): 215.

———. Chem Eng Progress 49 (1953): 218-219.

B. Multi-Site

Thompson, J. B., Jr. Amer Mineral 54 (1969): 341-375.

———. Amer Mineral 55 (1970): 528-532.

Grover and Orville. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 33 (1969): 205-226.

———. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 38 (1974): 1527-1548.

Mueller, R. F. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 26 (1962): 581-598.

C. Reviews

Grover. Thermodynamics in Geology. Edited by D. G. Fraser. Boston, MA: D. Reidel Pub. Co., 1977, pp. 67-97. ISBN: 9789027707949.

———. "Reviews in Mineralogy." In Pyroxenes. Vol. 7. Edited by C. T. Prewitt. Washington, DC: Mineralogical Society of America, 1980, pp. 341-417. ISBN: 9780939950072.

II. Application of Solution Formulations to Mineral Systems

A. Alkali and Ternary Feldspars

Thompson and Waldbaum. Am Mineral 54 (1969): 811-838 and 1274-1298.

Stormer. Amer Mineral 60 (1975): 667-674.

Whitney and Stormer. Am Mineral 62 (1977): 687-691.

Johannes. Contrib Min Pet 68 (1979): 221-230.

Brown and Parsons. Contrib Min Pet 76 (1981): 369-377.

Haselton, et al. Amer Mineral 68 (1983): 398-413.

Ghiorso. Contrib Min Pet 87 (1984): 282-296.

Price. Amer Mineral 70 (1985): 696-701.

Green and Udansky. Amer Mineral 71 (1986): 1100-1108.

Fuhrman and Lindsley. Amer Mineral 73 (1988): 201-215.

Elkins and Grove. Amer Mineral 75 (1990): 544-559.

Wen and Nekvasil. Comp Geosci 20 (1994): 1025-1040.

Kroll, et al. Contrib Mineral Petrol 114 (1993): 510-519.

B. Plagioclase Feldspars

Kerrick and Darken. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 39 (1975): 1431-1442.

Newton, Charlu, and Kleppa. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 44 (1980): 933-941.

Henry, Navrotsky, and Zimmerman. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 46 (1982): 381-391.

C. Pyroxenes

Lindsley, Grover, and Davidson. Advances in Physical Geochemistry. 1981, pp. 149-175. ISSN: 07223269.

———. Contrib Mineral Petrol 80 (1982): 88-102.

Holland, Navrotsky, and Newton. Contrib Mineral Petrol 69 (1979): 337-344.

Saxena, Nehru. Contrib Mineral Petrol 49 (1975): 259-267.

Warner, Luth. Amer Mineral (1974): 98-109.

Huebner and Lindsley. "Rev. in Mineral." In Pyroxenes. Vol. 7. Edited by C. T. Prewitt. pp. 213-340.

Lindsley and Anderson. J Geophys Res 88 (1983): A887-A906.

Lindsley. Amer Mineral 68 (1983): 477-493.

Davidson. Contrib Mineral Petrol 91 (1985): 383-389.

Davidson and Lindsley. Contrib Mineral Petrol 91 (1985): 390-404.

Sack and Ghiorso. Contrib Mineral Petrol 116 (1994): 277-286 and 287-300.

———. Contrib Mineral Petrol 118 (1994): 271-296.

D. Pyroxenes and Other Solid Phases

Kushiro and Yoder. J Petrol 7 (1966): 337-362.

Boyd. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 37 (1973): 2533-2546.

Wood and Banno. Contrib Mineral Petrol 42 (1973): 109-124.

Wood. Contrib Mineral Petrol 46 (1974): 1-15.

McGregor. Amer Mineral 59 (1974): 110-119.

Danckwerth and Newton. Contrib Min Pet 66 (1978): 189-201.

Dixon and Presnall. GSA Abst 12 (1980): 414.

Perkins and Newton. Contrib Min Pet 75 (1980): 291-300.

Presnall. Amer Mineral 61 (1976): 582-588.

Wood and Holloway. Contrib Min Pet 48 (1984): 159-176.

Gasparick and Newton. Contrib Min Pet 85 (1984): 186-196.

Gasparick. Contrib Min Pet 87 (1984): 87-97.

Carswell and Gibb. Contrib Mineral Petrol 97 (1987): 473-487.

Andersen, Lindsley, and Davidson. Comp and Geosci 19 (1993): 1333-1350.

E. Fe-Ti Oxides

Buddington and Lindsley. J Petrol 5 (1964): 310-357.

Spencer and Lindsley. Amer Mineral 66 (1981): 1189-1201.

Andersen and Lindsley. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 45 (1981): 847-853.

———. Amer Mineral 73 (1988): 714-726.

Ghiorso and Sack. Contrib Mineral Petrol 108 (1991): 485-510.

———. Contrib Mineral Petrol 106 (1991): 474-505.

F. Olivine-Spinel

Evans and Frost. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 39 (1974): 959-972.

Fisk and Bence. Earth Planet Sci Lett 48 (1980): 111-123.

Engi and Evans. Contrib Mineral Petrol 73 (1980): 201-204.

Sack. Contrib Mineral Petrol 79 (1982): 169-186.

Frost, et al. Amer Mineral 73 (1988): 727-740.

Sack and Ghiorso. Contrib Mineral Petrol 102 (1989): 41-68.