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Abstract/Syllabus:
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James, Erica, 21A.216J Dilemmas in Bio-Medical Ethics: Playing God or Doing Good?, Spring 2005. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Accessed 09 Jul, 2010). License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
Dilemmas in Bio-Medical Ethics: Playing God or Doing Good?
Spring 2005
Human blastocyst showing inner cell mass and trophectoderm used in human embryonic stem cell research. (Photo Credit: Mr. J. Conaghan. Image courtesy of the National Institutes of Health.)
Course Highlights
This course features extensive lecture notes.
Course Description
This course is an introduction to the cross-cultural study of bio-medical ethics. It examines moral foundations of the science and practice of western bio-medicine through case studies of abortion, contraception, cloning, organ transplantation, and other issues. It also evaluates challenges that new medical technologies pose to the practice and availability of medical services around the globe, and to cross-cultural ideas of kinship and personhood. It discusses critiques of the bio-medical tradition from anthropological, feminist, legal, religious, and cross-cultural theorists.
Syllabus
"CI-H subjects provide a foundation in general expository writing and speaking. These subjects require at least 20 pages of writing divided among three to five assignments. Of these written assignments, at least one is revised and resubmitted. CI-H subjects also offer students substantial opportunity for oral expression through presentations, student-led discussion, or class participation. In order to guarantee both sufficient attention to student writing and substantial opportunity for oral expression, the maximum number of students per section in a CI-H subject is 18, except when a subject is taught without sections (where the faculty member in charge is the only instructor). In this case, enrollment can rise to 25 if a writing fellow is attached to the subject."
Course Description
Bio-medical researchers, physicians and other health practitioners across the globe are constantly faced with the ethical challenges that new medical technologies provide to promote the health of individuals and to protect and extend life. These technologies force us to reconsider our notions of relatedness and the "naturalness" of the body as many of these techniques raise questions about notions of life, personhood and embodiment; sexuality, morality and ethics; race and ethnicity; kinship and gender; and the cross-cultural variability of these conceptions in the post-modern era. Yet these technologies are received, interpreted and incorporated into existing sets of historical, political and economic relations of power between nations, institutions, families, and individuals. At the same time, limited resources, worldwide disparities in access to care, and other moral constraints force researchers, doctors and patients to make choices about the care that is sought and provided. This course will explore the way in which culture, religion, politics, and economics are among some of the factors at the heart of highly contested questions of abortion, contraception, organ transplantation, cloning, the availability of pharmaceuticals, end of life care, and others that reveal the day-to-day ethical dilemmas in medical research and healing practices.
Course Structure and Requirements
The course will be run primarily as a seminar, with approximately 20 minutes of lecture to introduce each new section followed by presentations and discussion of the subject or ethnographic context under review. Students must come to class prepared, as discussion will often take the form of a formal debate of the issues read for that class session. Generally readings will be limited to 100 pages per week, depending on whether the readings are theoretical or are case-based. In the readings section, readings marked with an * are required for that day. Other readings are highly recommended, but not required.
Reflection papers
Over the course of the semester students will submit five 2-page (double-spaced) reflection papers on the required reading that will be due at the start of class. A prompting question will be provided ahead of time to guide the student through that week's readings and to help structure the reflection paper. These five reflection papers will be graded and are considered a component of the writing requirement. Coupled with class attendance and participation they will contribute 40% of the final grade. Through these reflection papers and the responses to them, students will build and refine their arguments for the two longer papers required in the course.
Papers
Students will be required to write two 6 to 7-page papers that build upon the themes discussed in section and in the reflection papers. Papers will be returned no more than one week after submission. The first paper will be revised in light of the comments received upon them. Rewriting the second paper is optional. The final draft of each paper is the version that will be graded and is due one week after the papers have been returned with comments. A crucial aspect to how these papers will be evaluated is the articulation of a strong thesis statement that is supported by a cogent argument. Arguments cannot be solely polemical, but must derive from a clear, well-supported evaluation of the texts, lecture materials, videos or films. These two papers are weighted equally and will contribute 50% of the grade.
Presentations
Through the course of the semester each student will make at least one presentation of the main arguments contained within one of that week's readings in order to guide class discussion (in the case of books, the chapters will be divided among more than one student). The presentations can be based on the reflection paper and is intended to give the class questions to be debated in the discussion period and should last no longer than ten minutes. The presentations are evaluated and will contribute 10% of the final grade. There is no final exam.
Calendar
Course schedule.
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Lec #
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Topics
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key dates
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Part One: Foundations of Bio-Medical Ethics and Modern "Bio-Politics"
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1
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Section One: Introduction: Bio-Medical Ethics and Bio-Politics: From Clinical Practice and Medical Research to Crisis of Medical Humanitarianism in the Field
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2
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Section Two: Principles of Ethical Medical Practice and Research: Autonomy, Justice, Beneficence, and Nonmaleficience
What is Bio-Medical Ethics?
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3-4
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Section Three: Competing Discourses on Bioethics and Bio-Medical Practice - Anthropology, Feminism, Theology, and Law
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5-7
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Section Four: The Creation of Doctors and the Clinical Gaze or "Whose Body Is It, Anyway?"
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Reflection paper 1 (Lecture 7)
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8-9
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Section Five: Ethical Issues in the Practice of Medicine: Confidentiality and Disclosure; Patient Autonomy and Informed Consent
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10-11
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Section Six: Dilemmas of Public Health Practice: The Limits of Resources and its Allocation
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Reflection paper 2 (Lecture 10)
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Part Two: Medical Technologies, the Body and the State
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12-13
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Section Seven: Medical Research and Ethical Medical Experimentation - from Eugenics to Anti-Retroviral Drug Trials
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Draft of first paper due (Lecture 12)
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14-15
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Section Eight: Race, Contraception, and Family Planning: Contemporary Eugenics?
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First paper drafts returned with comments (Lecture 14)
Reflection paper 3 (Lecture 15)
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Part Three: Globalizing Bioethics - The Politics of Reproduction
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16-17
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Section Nine: The Politics of Gender, Reproductive Technologies, and Family Planning across Cultures
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Revised version of paper 1 due (Lecture 17)
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18
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Section Ten: Infertility, Assisted Reproduction, Kinship, and Citizenship across Cultures
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Reflection paper 4 (Lecture 18)
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19-20
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Section Eleven: State Politics of Human Genetic Engineering, Stem Cell Research, Cloning, and "Surplus Embryos"
Lecture 20
Guest Speaker: Dr. James Sherley, MIT Assoc. Professor of Biological Engineering
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Reflection paper 5 (Lecture 20)
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Part Four: Playing God? Life, Death, Bodies, and Spirits
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21-24
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Section Twelve: Organ Transplantation, End of Life Issues, and Death across Cultures
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Draft of second paper due 1 day after lecture 24
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Part Five: Human Rights, Infectious Disease, and the Global Medical Commons
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25-26
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Section Thirteen: Clinical Dilemmas, Public Health, and Global Pharmaceuticals
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Papers returned with preliminary grades (Lecture 25)
Final version of second paper due (for those who revise) 2 days after lecture 26
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Further Reading:
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Readings by Session
Required Texts
Alexander, Brian. Rapture: A Raucous Tour of Cloning, Transhumanism, and the New Era of Immortality. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Publishing, 2004. ISBN: 9780465001057.
Gawande, Atul. Complications: A Surgeon's Note on an Imperfect Science. New York, NY: Metropolitan Books, 2002. ISBN: 9780805063196.
Farmer, Paul. Pathologies of Power: Health, Human Rights, and the New War on the Poor. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2003. ISBN: 9780520235502.
Lock, Margaret. Twice Dead: Organ Transplants and the Reinvention of Death. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2001. ISBN: 9780520228146.
Roberts, Dorothy. Killing the Black Body: Race, Reproduction and the Meaning of Liberty. New York, NY: Pantheon Books, 1997. ISBN: 9780679442264.
Recommended Texts
Ginsburg, Faye D., and Rayna Rapp, eds. Conceiving the New World Order: The Global Politics of Reproduction. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1995. ISBN: 9780520089143.
Inhorn, Marcia C., and Frank Van Balen, eds. Infertility Around the Globe: New Thinking on Childlessness, Gender, and Reproductive Technologies. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2002. ISBN: 9780520231375.
Tong, Rosemarie, Gwen Anderson, and Aida Santos, eds. Globalizing Feminist Bioethics. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2000. ISBN: 9780813366159.
Lammers, Stephen E., and Allen Verhey, eds. On Moral Medicine: Theological Perspectives in Medical Ethics. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Pub., 1998. ISBN: 9780802842497.
Kuhse, Helen, and Peter Singer, eds. A Companion to Bioethics. Oxford, UK; Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1998. ISBN: 9780631197379.
———. Bioethics: An Anthology. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1999. ISBN: 9780631203117.
Films
Tilley, Brian. It's My Life. HIV/pharmaceuticals South Africa, 2001, 74 min.
Directed by Alexandra Halkin and Deb Ellis. Skin Deep. 1997, Norplant 15 min.
Directed by Stephen Trombley. The Lynchburg Story: Eugenic Sterilization in America. 55 min.
Web Sites and other information
Goldstein, David B., and Huntington F. Willard. "Race, the genome." Boston Globe, January 17, 2005.
National Institutes of Health. The Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research. The National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, April 18, 1979.
National Institutes of Health. Stem Cell Information.
Readings by Session
Readings marked with an * are required for that day. Other readings are highly recommended but not required.
Course assigned readings.
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Lec #
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Topics
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Readings
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Part One: Foundations of Bio-Medical Ethics and Modern "Bio-Politics"
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1
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Section One: Introduction: Bio-Medical Ethics and Bio-Politics: From Clinical Practice and Medical Research to Crisis of Medical Humanitarianism in the Field
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Foucault, Michel. "The Birth of Biopolitics." Ethics: Subjectivity and Truth. Vol. 1, Essential Works of Foucault. London, UK: Penguin Books, 2000, pp. 73-79. ISBN: 9780140259544.
———. "The Birth of Social Medicine." Power. Vol. 3, Essential Works of Foucault. London, UK: Penguin Books, 2002, pp. 134-156. ISBN: 9780140259575.
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2
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Section Two: Principles of Ethical Medical Practice and Research: Autonomy, Justice, Beneficence, and Nonmaleficience
What is Bio-Medical Ethics?
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*Kuhse, Helga, and Peter Singer. "What is Bioethics? A Historical Introduction." A Companion to Bioethics. Oxford, UK; Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1998, pp. 1-11. ISBN: 9780631197379.
*Rachels, James. "Ethical Theory and Bioethics." A Companion to Bioethics. Oxford, UK; Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1998, pp. 15-23. ISBN: 9780631197379.
*Rosenberg, Charles E. "Meaning, Policies, and Medicine: On the Bioethical Enterprise and History." Bioethics and Beyond. Oxford, UK; Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1998, pp. 27-46. ISBN: 9780631197379.
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3-4
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Section Three: Competing Discourses on Bioethics and Bio-Medical Practice - Anthropology, Feminism, Theology, and Law
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Lecture 3
*Marshall, Patricia A., and Barbara A. Koenig. "Bioethics in Anthropology: Perspectives on Culture, Medicine, and Morality." Medical Anthropology: Contemporary Theory and Method. Revised ed. Edited by Carolyn F. Sargent and Thomas M. Johnson. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1996, pp. 349-373. ISBN: 9780275952655.
*Haraway, Donna J. "Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective." Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of Nature. New York, NY: Routledge, 1991, pp. 183-201. ISBN: 9780415903875.
Lecture 4
*Diniz, Debora, and Ana Christina González Vélez. "Feminist Bioethics: The Emergence of the Oppressed." Globalizing Feminist Bioethics. Edited by Rosemarie Tong, Gwen Anderson, and Aida Santos. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2000, pp. 62-72. ISBN: 9780813366159.
*McCormick, Richard A. "Theology and Bioethics." On Moral Medicine: Theological Perspectives in Medical Ethics. Edited by Stephen E. Lammers and Allen Verhey. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Pub., 1998, pp. 63-71. ISBN: 9780802842497.
*Farley, Margaret A. "Feminist Theology and Bioethics." On Moral Medicine: Theological Perspectives in Medical Ethics. Edited by Stephen E. Lammers and Allen Verhey. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Pub., 1998, pp. 90-101. ISBN: 9780802842497.
Van der Burg, W. "Bioethics and Law: A Developmental Perspective." Bioethics 11, no. 2 (1997): 91-114.
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5-7
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Section Four: The Creation of Doctors and the Clinical Gaze or "Whose Body Is It, Anyway?"
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Lecture 5
*Good, Byron. "How Medicine Constructs its Objects." Medicine, Rationality and Experience: An Anthropological Perspective. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1994, pp. 65-87. ISBN: 9780521425766.
*Good, Mary-Jo. "Narrative Strategies in Presentation and Performance," and "The Social Production of Physician Competence." Chapters 6 and 7 in American Medicine: The Quest for Competence. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1995, pp. 125-167. ISBN: 9780520088962.
Lecture 6
*Gawande, Atul. Complications: A Surgeon's Note on an Imperfect Science. New York, NY: Metropolitan Books, 2002, part one, pp. 3-106. ISBN: 9780805063196.
Lecture 7
* Gawande, Atul. Complications: A Surgeon's Note on an Imperfect Science. New York, NY: Metropolitan Books, 2002, part three, pp. 187-252. ISBN: 9780805063196.
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8-9
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Section Five: Ethical Issues in the Practice of Medicine: Confidentiality and Disclosure; Patient Autonomy and Informed Consent
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Lecture 8
*Tse, C. Y., A Chong, and S. Y. Fok. "Breaking Bad News: A Chinese Perspective." Palliative Medicine 17, no. 4 (Jun 2003): 339-343.
*Blackhall, L. J., G. Frank, S. Murphy, and V. Michel. "Bioethics in a Different Tongue: the Case of Truth-Telling." Journal of Urban Health 78, no. 1 (Mar 2001): 59-71.
Kuhse, Helen, and Peter Singer, eds. Bioethics: An Anthology. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1999, pp. 485-512. ISBN: 9780631203117.
Lecture 9
*Kuther, T. L. "Medical Decision-Making and Minors: Issues of Consent and Assent." Adolescence 38, no. 150 (Summer): 343-358.
*Gordon, E. J., and C. K. Daugherty. "'Hitting You Over the Head': Oncologists' Disclosure of Prognosis to Advanced Cancer Patients." Bioethics 17, no. 2 (Apr 2003): 142-168.
Kuhse, Helen, and Peter Singer, eds. Bioethics: An Anthology. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1999, pp. 515-550. ISBN: 9780631203117.
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10-11
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Section Six: Dilemmas of Public Health Practice: The Limits of Resources and its Allocation
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Lecture 10
*Hiatt, Howard. "Protecting the Medical Commons: Who Is Responsible." New England Journal of Medicine 293, no. 5 (July 31, 1975): 235-241.
*Hiatt, Howard, and M. C. Weinstein. "Will Disease Prevention Spare the Medical Commons?" Ciba Found Symp 110 (1985): 218-35.
*Zoloth-Dorfman, Laurie, and Susan B. Rubin. "The Patient as Commodity: Managed Care and the Question of Ethics." Journal of Clinical Ethics Winter 6, no. 4 (1995): 339-357.
Lecture 11
*Sanchez, L. M., and S. M. Turner. "Practicing Psychology in the Era of Managed Care. Implications for Practice and Training." American Psychologist 5, no. 2 (Feb 2003): 116-129.
*Dickey, et. al. "Guideline Recommendation for Treatment of Schizophrenia: The Impact of Managed Care." Archives of General Psychiatry 60, no. 4 (Apr 2003): 340-348.
*Good, Mary-Jo DelVecchio. "Clinical Realities and Moral Dilemmas: Contrasting Perspectives from Academic Medicine in Kenya, Tanzania, and America." Bioethics and Beyond. Oxford, UK; Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1998, pp. 167-196. ISBN: 9780631197379.
Kuhse, Helen, and Peter Singer, eds. Bioethics: An Anthology. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1999, pp. 351-379. ISBN: 9780631203117.
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Part Two: Medical Technologies, the Body, and the State
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12-13
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Section Seven: Medical Research and Ethical Medical Experimentation - from Eugenics to Anti-Retroviral Drug Trials
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Lecture 12
*Chadwick, G. L. "Historical Perspective: Nuremberg, Tuskegee, and the Radiation Experiments." Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care 3, no. 1 (1997): 27-28.
*Proctor, Robert. "Nazi Medicine and the Politics of Knowledge." The "Racial" Economy of Science: Toward a Democratic Future. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1993, pp. 344-358. ISBN: 9780253208101.
*Jones, James. "The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment: 'A Moral Astigmatism.'" The "Racial" Economy of Science: Toward a Democratic Future. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1993, pp. 275-286. ISBN: 9780253208101.
*World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. (Approx. 5 pages.)
*National Bioethics Advisory Commission. Ethical and Policy Issues in Research Involving Human Participants. August 2001, Summary. (Approx. 20 pages.)
Lecture 13
*Francis, C. K. "Medical Ethos and Social Responsibility in Clinical Medicine." Journal of Urban Health 78, no. 1 (March 2001): 29-45.
*Angell, Marcia. "The Ethics of Clinical Research in the Third World." NEJM 337, no. 12 (Sept 18, 1997): 847-849.
*———. "Investigators' Responsibilities for Human Subjects in Developing Countries." NEJM 342, no. 13 (March 30, 2000): 967-969.
*Lurie, Peter, and Sidney M. Wolfe. "Unethical Trials of Interventions to Reduce Perinatal Transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Developing Countries." NEJM 337, no. 12 (Sept 18, 1997): 853-856.
*Oguz, N. Yasemin. "Research Ethics Committees in Developing Countries and Informed Consent: With Special Reference to Turkey." The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 141, no. 5 (May 2003): 292-296.
*National Bioethics Advisory Commission. Ethical and Policy Issues in International Research: Clinical Trials in Developing Countries. Executive Summary. (Approx. 15 pages.)
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14-15
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Section Eight: Race, Contraception and Family Planning: Contemporary Eugenics?
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Lecture 14
*Roberts, Dorothy. Killing the Black Body: Race, Reproduction and the Meaning of Liberty. New York, NY: Pantheon Books, 1997, chapter 2, pp. 56-103. ISBN: 9780679442264.
Directed by Stephen Trombley. The Lynchburg Story: Eugenic Sterilization in America. 55 min.
Lecture 15
*Continue reading Killing the Black Body: Race, Reproduction and the Meaning of Liberty. Chapter 3, pp. 104-149, chapter 6, pp. 246-293.
Directed by Alexandra Halkin and Deb Ellis. Skin Deep. 1997, 15 min.
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Part Three: Globalizing Bioethics - The Politics of Reproduction
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16-17
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Section Nine: The Politics of Gender, Reproductive Technologies and Family Planning across Cultures
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Lecture 16
*Petchesky, Rosalind Pollack. "The Body as Property: A Feminist Re-vision." Conceiving the New World Order: The Global Politics of Reproduction. Edited by Faye D. Ginsburg and Rayna Rapp. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1995, pp. 387-406. ISBN: 9780520089143.
*Pearce, Tola Olu. "Women's Reproductive Practices and Biomedicine: Cultural Conflicts and Transformations in Nigeria." Conceiving the New World Order: The Global Politics of Reproduction. Edited by Faye D. Ginsburg and Rayna Rapp. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1995, pp. 195-208. ISBN: 9780520089143.
*Gill, Gurjeet K. "Female Feticide as a Contemporary Cultural Practice in the Punjab." Dialectical Anthropology 23, no. 2 (1998): 203-213.
Lecture 17
*Maternowska, M. Catherine. "A Clinic in Conflict: A Political Economy Case Study of Family Planning in Haiti." Contraception Across Cultures. Edited by Andrew Russell, Elisa J. Sobo, and Mary S. Thompson. Oxford; New York, NY: Berg, 2000, pp. 103-126. ISBN: 9781859733868.
*Anagnost, Ann. "A Surfeit of Bodies: Population and the Rationality of the State in Post-Mao China." Conceiving the New World Order: The Global Politics of Reproduction. Edited by Faye D. Ginsburg and Rayna Rapp. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1995, pp. 22-41. ISBN: 9780520089143.
Jok, Jok Madut. "Militarism, Gender and Reproductive Suffering: the Case of Abortion in Western Dinka." Africa 69, no. 2 (1999): 194-212.
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18
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Section Ten: Infertility, Assisted Reproduction, Kinship, and Citizenship across Cultures
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*Thompson, Charis M. "Fertile Ground: Feminists Theorize Infertility." Infertility Around the Globe: New Thinking on Childlessness, Gender, and Reproductive Technologies. Edited by Marcia C. Inhorn and Frank Van Balen. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2002, pp. 52-78. ISBN: 9780520231375.
* Paxson, Heather. "With or Against Nature? IVF, Gender, and Reproductive Agency in Athens, Greece." Social Science and Medicine 56 (2003): 1853-1866.
*Kahn, Susan Martha. "Rabbis and Reproduction: The Uses of New Reproductive Technologies among Ultraorthodox Jews in Israel." Infertility Around the Globe: New Thinking on Childlessness, Gender, and Reproductive Technologies. Edited by Marcia C. Inhorn, and Frank Van Balen. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2002, pp. 283-297. ISBN: 9780520231375.
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19-20
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Section Eleven: State Politics of Human Genetic Engineering, Stem Cell Research, Cloning, and "Surplus Embryos"
Lecture 20
Guest Speaker: Dr. James Sherley, MIT Assoc. Professor of Biological Engineering
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Lecture 19
*Alexander, Brian. Rapture: A Raucous Tour of Cloning, Transhumanism, and the New Era of Immortality. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Publishing, 2004, chapters 1-6, pp. 1-124. ISBN: 9780465001057.
United States National Bioethics Advisory Commission. Ethical Issues in Human Stem Cell Research. Executive Summary, September 1999, 20 pages.
Lecture 20
*Alexander, Brian. Rapture: A Raucous Tour of Cloning, Transhumanism, and the New Era of Immortality. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Publishing, 2004, chapter 7-conclusion, pp. 125-258. ISBN: 9780465001057.
United States National Bioethics Advisory Commission. Cloning Human Beings. Executive Summary, June 1997, 5 pages.
"Human Cloning and Human Dignity: An Ethical Inquiry." The President's Council On Bioethics. Executive Summary, July 2002, pp. xxi-xx. (Skim chapters of the text at will.)
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Part Four: Playing God? Life, Death, Bodies, and Spirits
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21-24
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Section Twelve: Organ Transplantation, End of Life Issues, and Death across Cultures
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Lecture 21
*Lock, Margaret. Twice Dead: Organ Transplants and the Reinvention of Death. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2001, pp. 1-102. ISBN: 9780520228146.
Lecture 22
*Lock, Margaret. Twice Dead: Organ Transplants and the Reinvention of Death. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2001, pp. 103-189. ISBN: 9780520228146.
Lecture 23
*Lock, Margaret. Twice Dead: Organ Transplants and the Reinvention of Death. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2001, pp. 191-290. ISBN: 9780520228146.
Lecture 24
*Lock, Margaret. Twice Dead: Organ Transplants and the Reinvention of Death. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2001, pp. 291-377. ISBN: 9780520228146.
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Part Five: Human Rights, Infectious Disease, and the Global Medical Commons
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25-26
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Section Thirteen: Clinical Dilemmas, Public Health, and Global Pharmaceuticals
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Lecture 25
*Farmer, Paul. Pathologies of Power: Health, Human Rights, and the New War on the Poor. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2003, chapters 2 and 4, pp. 51-90, 115-133. ISBN: 9780520235502.
Tilley, Brian. It's My Life. First half - HIV/pharmaceuticals South Africa, 74 min.
Lecture 26
*Farmer, Paul. Pathologies of Power: Health, Human Rights, and the New War on the Poor. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2003, chapters 6-7, pp. 160-195. ISBN: 9780520235502.
Angell, Marcia. "The Pharmaceutical Industry - To Whom Is It Accountable?" NEJM 342, no. 25 (June 22, 2000): 1902-1904.
Tilley, Brian. It's My Life. Conclusion.
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